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Properties on the List of World Heritage in Danger

Properties on the List of World Heritage in Danger. References in the Convention : Art. 11 para 4 References in the Operational Guidelines : Paragraphs 177 - 191. Inscription on List of World Heritage in Danger (OG § 177).

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Properties on the List of World Heritage in Danger

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  1. Properties on the List of World Heritage in Danger References in the Convention: Art. 11 para 4 References in the Operational Guidelines: Paragraphs 177 - 191

  2. Inscription on List of World Heritage in Danger (OG § 177) If the values which constitute the OUV (including integrity and authenticity) of a property are threatened by serious and specific danger and major operations are necessary for its conservation: Inscription on LWHD Inscription on the LWHD is not a punishment but a call for action to the SP in cooperation with the other SP

  3. Inscription on the List of World Heritage in Danger Distinction between potential danger and ascertained danger (OG § 179, 180): Potential Danger: the property is faced with threats which could have deleterious effects on its inherent characteristics Ascertained Danger: the property is faced with specific and proven imminent danger In addition, the factor(s) threatening the integrity of the property must be those amenable to correction by human action (OG, § 181)

  4. Programme of corrective measures (OG § 183 – 185) • WHC / AB mission will ascertain the present condition of the property, evaluate nature and extent of threats develop corrective measures to be taken in consultation with State Party • Objectives of the corrective measures: • Address urgent threats to the property through appropriate management and conservation actions • Restore integrity of the property • Allow for a regeneration of its OUV • Corrective measures adopted by the Committee

  5. Programme of corrective measures (OG § 183 – 185) WHC/AB mission Assessment of SOC Inscription on LWHD Start Implementation of the corrective measures Inscription on LWHD

  6. Programme of corrective measures (OG § 183 – 185) Important points to note! • Corrective measures are a catalogue of measures with the objective to restore the OUV, they are not an objective on its own!! • Need to follow up not only if the corrective measures are implemented but also if they bring about the sought restoration of the OUV • Therefore, there is a need to update the corrective measures during reviews and if necessary change them or decide on additional measures (OG §191)

  7. Properties inscribed on LWHD due to potential danger Potential Danger: an action is planned that could threaten the OUV and integrity of the site Corrective measure: decision to abandon the action Start action which will affect OUV Inscription on LWHD

  8. Examples of potential danger (OG § 170, 180) • Cultural properties: • Modification of judicial status diminishing degree of protection • Threatening effects of regional planning projects, town planning • Gradual changes due to geological, climatic or other environmental factors • Natural properties: • Modification of legal protective status • Planned resettlement or development projects that threaten the property • Management system is lacking, inadequate or not fully implemented

  9. Properties inscribed on LWHD as a result of potential danger Cultural property: Cologne Cathedral (Germany)

  10. Properties inscribed on LWHD due to ascertained danger The property is faced with specific and proven imminent danger; degradation of OUV is on-going WHC/AB mission Inscription on LWHD Start Implementation of the corrective measures

  11. Examples of ascertained danger (OG § 170, 180) • Cultural sites: • Serious deterioration of materials, structure, ornamental features, architectural or town-planning coherence, urban or rural space, or natural environment • Significant loss of historical authenticity • Loss of cultural significance • Natural sites: • Serious decline in the population of endangered species by natural or man-made factors • Severe deterioration of natural beauty or scientific value by developmental activities (dams, mining, pollution, logging, public works, …) • Human encroachment on boundaries or upstream areas threatening the integrity

  12. Properties inscribed on LWHD as a result of ascertained danger: Djoudj National Bird Sanctuary (Senegal)

  13. Case of ascertained danger: more complex than the case of potential danger - degradation is on-going as result of a combination of threats - restoration of OUV is often slow and complex, requiring a implementation of a series of corrective measures, regularly updated and sustained over time

  14. Specific case of properties inscribed LHWD as a result of conflict • Examples: Manovo-Gounda, Comoé; Nimba Mountains, Air et Ténéré, DRC properties, Manas

  15. Desired State of Conservation for removal of the property from LWHD • Inscription on the LWHD when OUV is threatened or affected • OUV is expressed through a number of attributes • Desired State of Conservation describes the objective for the regeneration of the OUV to allow removal of the List of World Heritage in Danger • Can only be developed when a Statement of OUV is available • Can be considered as a list of indicators to follow upon the regeneration of the OUV for removal from Danger List • Desired State of Conservation is not yet included in the operational guidelines but approved by the Committee (Decision 31COM 7.3)

  16. Desired State of Conservation Desired State of Conservation

  17. Example: Okapi Wildlife reserve Statement of OUV – time of inscription 1996 Values RFO comprises an exceptional flora and faunal diversity: the forest is a Pleistocene tropical forest refuge and harbors numerous endemic and endangered species such as 5000 Okapi, the largest remaining population of forest elephants in eastern DRC and 6 species of duiker, 17 species of primates, edos with spectacular wildlife; Integrity The forests are RFO are amongst the best preserved in the eastern Congo basin, virtually untouched by agricultural and forest exploitation Protection and management Management plan proposed with zoning of the property Threats: immigration and expansion of the agricultural zone, artisanal mining, commercial poaching, need to ensure involvement of indigenous Mbuti pygmees

  18. Example: Okapi Wildlife reserve Status 2006 monitoring mission Values (2006 inventory) Forest cover: 10% deforested (agricultural zone) Wildlife: Elephants – 48% Okapi – 43% Red duiker - 42 % Yellowbacked duiker – 59% Integrity, protection and management • 50 artisanal mining sites in the property • Less than 30 % of the reserve controlled by ICCN in 1998 • Rampant elephant poaching by armed groups • 2009: 21000 people living in the property (2003: 17000) • No management plan, no integral protection zone, no functional zoning

  19. Example: Okapi Wildlife reserve Desired State of Conservation for removal from Danger list 8 indicators developed by 2009 mission Values Forest cover: no further increase in deforestation (reference 10%) Increases in wildlife: increased encounter rates for key species depending on zone Elephants + 20% Okapi + 20% Red duiker + 35% Yellowbacked duiker + 35% Edos actively visited by wildlife Integrity, protection and management • Resident population does not exceed 21000 people • Poaching signs diminish by 60% • All mining sites closed • 85 % of Reserve covered by patrols • Management plan adopted establishing an integral protection zone

  20. Deletion from the World Heritage List (OG § 192 – 198) • Necessary corrective measures were not taken • Property has deteriorated to the extent that OUV is lost or can no longer be restored Inscription on LWHD Deletion WH List

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