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Census Humor

Census Humor. A person of Spanish ancestry , a person of Spanish origin , and a person of Spanish surname walk into a bar…. “Hispanics” in the U.S. Spanish-American; Spanish Colonial; Hispano 16 th Century New Mexico, then California and Texas

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Census Humor

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  1. Census Humor A person of Spanish ancestry, a person of Spanish origin, and a person of Spanish surname walk into a bar…

  2. “Hispanics” in the U.S. Spanish-American; Spanish Colonial; Hispano 16th Century New Mexico, then California and Texas Lived in territory that came under U.S. flag

  3. “Hispanics” in the U.S. Mexican Americans Immigrants from Mexico and descendents Steady and increased immigration after 1910 Descendants of: Original “Hispanic” residents Immigrant Mexican nationals Typical immigrants? Race? Racial mixture of European colonizers and indigenous residents

  4. Census 2000 – Hispanic or Latino origin Hispanic or Latino categories Mexican Puerto Rican Cuban Other Spanish, Hispanic, or Latino Origin Heritage Nationality group Lineage Country of birth of the person or the person’s parents or ancestors before their arrival in the U.S. Can be of any race (or combination of races)

  5. 42%

  6. Nativity 1850-current Keep track of immigrants Parentage 1880-1970 Keep track of children of immigrants

  7. Mother tongue 1910 & 1920 – foreign white stock* 1930 – foreign-born white 1940 – total white population 1950 – n/a 1960 – total foreign-born 1970 – total population * foreign-born white or native white of foreign or mixed parentage

  8. 1850 - 1920 Nativity Immigrants Parentage Children of immigrants Mother tongue Foreign white stock only

  9. 1930 - Mexican (race) First indicator Estimates for 1910 and 1920 were made based on 1930 survey “All persons born in Mexico, or having parents born in Mexico, and definitely not white, Negro, Indian, Chinese, or Japanese.”

  10. 1930 – Mexican (race) “All persons born in Mexico, or having parents born in Mexico, and definitely not white, Negro, Indian, Chinese, or Japanese.” Problems 1st & 2nd generations Hispanics can be U.S. citizens and U.S.-born children of U.S.-born parents Rule applies to citizens of Mexico Many did not want to be identified as “Mexicans”

  11. 1930 – Mexican (race) Problems – cont’d Birth/parentage ≈ Race? Judgment of enumerator Mexican ≠ white Protests & litigation

  12. 1940 – Spanish mother tongue Mexican race category eliminated Spanish mother tongue 5% sample total white population relatively few individuals of Spanish mother tongue who were not white

  13. 1950 - Spanish surname Last names of white persons compared to list of ~6,000 Spanish surnames Arizona California Colorado New Mexico Texas 20% sample

  14. 1950 - Spanish surname Problems Europeans (e.g. Italians, Portuguese, Irish, etc.) But, given migration and settlement history, most found outside the Southwest Intermarriage

  15. 1960 – Spanish surname Five southwestern states 25 % sample ~7,000 Spanish surnames on list

  16. 1970!! First attempt to identify entire Hispanic population Three questionnaires 80%, 15%, 5%

  17. 1970 – Spanish surname Five southwestern states 15 % sample ~8,000 Spanish surnames on list

  18. 1970 – Spanish origin Introduced in 1970 5% sample Self-identification by respondent

  19. 1970 - Spanish language Introduced in 1970 15% sample Based on question of mother tongue Spanish language comprises: persons of Spanish mother tongue all persons in families where head or wife reported Spanish as mother tongue

  20. 1970 - Spanish heritage Introduced in 1970 15% sample Five southwestern states Spanish language and/or Spanish surname New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania Puerto Rican birth or parentage Elsewhere Spanish language

  21. 1970 - Summary Spanish surname 15% sample Spanish language 15% sample Spanish heritage 15% sample (language and/or surname for Colorado) Spanish origin (or descent) 5% sample self-identification

  22. 1970 – Analysis Spanish origin question was best Most consistent Distinguished among Mexicans, Puerto Ricans, Cubans, etc. Applied to respondents who were neither foreign born nor of foreign parentage

  23. 1970 - Analysis Problems Large rate of non-respondents, many of whom were non-Hispanics Many non-Hispanic residents in the central or southern U.S. identified as Hispanics

  24. 1976 Congress passes P.L. 93-311, requiring the use of self-identified Hispanic question on federal censuses and surveys. Includes: Dept. of Labor Dept. of Commerce (includes Census) Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare Dept. of Agriculture Office of Management and Budget

  25. 1980 - Spanish/Hispanic origin

  26. 1990 – Spanish/Hispanic origin

  27. 1980 & 1990 - Spanish/Hispanic origin Problems Ethnicity question followed race question Many thought race question addressed their “ethnicity” In 1980, unclear who “Other Spanish/Hispanic” respondents were.

  28. 2000 – Hispanic/Latino origin

  29. Colorado’s “Hispanic” Population1910-2000 Source: U.S. Census Bureau

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