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Chapter 8

Chapter 8. World War I. Causes of World War . NATIONALISM Extreme pride, devotion to a country Leads to: Competition for POWER! Ottoman Empire falling apart Austria-Hungary pushed into Serbia Slavs push back, ask for help from Russia. Causes of World War. IMPERIALISM

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Chapter 8

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  1. Chapter 8 World War I

  2. Causes of World War • NATIONALISM • Extreme pride, devotion to a country • Leads to: • Competition for POWER! • Ottoman Empire falling apart • Austria-Hungary pushed into Serbia • Slavs push back, ask for help from Russia

  3. Causes of World War • IMPERIALISM • Nations compete for overseas colonies • Great Britain and France had colonies in Africa, Middle East, Asia • Kaiser Wilhelm II wanted colonies • Needed…

  4. Causes of World War • MILITARISM • Policy of military preparedness and building up of weapons • 1900: Germany builds up navy to compete with Great Britain • Begins to create war strategies • SCHLIEFFEN PLAN: • 2 front war with Russia & France • Surprise attack on France through Belgium

  5. Causes of World War • ALLIANCES: • For protection • Created to maintain peace! • TRIPLE ALLIANCE • Germany • Austria-Hungary • Italy • TRIPLE ENTENTE • France • Russia • Great Britain BALANCE OF POWER: EACH NATION/ ALLIANCE HAD EQUAL STRENGTH

  6. Predict: How will the alliance system lead to war?

  7. Death of an Archduke • Archduke Franz Ferdinand (heir to the Austrian throne) went to Serbia to inspect his troops • He brought his wife Sophie • GavriloPrincip, a Serbian NATIONALIST who didn’t like Austria Hungary shot both

  8. How does an Archduke lead to a WORLD WAR?

  9. How does an Archduke lead to a WORLD WAR?

  10. Alliances become War POWERS Central Powers Allied Powers • Germany • Austria-Hungary • Italy • England • France • Russia

  11. Collins Type II How did the death of an Archduke lead to a WORLD war?

  12. As the war began… • France still wore their old Imperial Uniforms • And their strategy hadn’t changed • Line up • Fire and CHARGE! Forward • Germans wore earth tones • And used machine GUNS!

  13. Machine Gun lead to Trench Warfare!

  14. Trenches

  15. Trench Warfare led to New and improved weapons • Barbed wire • Poison gas • Grenades • Flame Thrower • Tanks • Submarines • Blimps • Airplanes

  16. Draw your own trench with weapons

  17. Trench warfare also led to Trench foot!

  18. Trench Reenactment Game  Triple Entente Triple Alliance  Build “Trenches” with backpacks and desks Use new “weapons” to tag other side If you are hit you are OUT, come to the front of the room Last person standing wins Send people out to pick up weapons, at their RISK Take contract SERIOUSLY Do NOT aim for head Do NOT aim to KILL

  19. Where is the United States? Isolationism: a POLICY of NOT GETTING INVOLVED

  20. UNRESTRICTED SUBMARINE WARFARE • Germany would fire on any ship aiding the Allied Powers

  21. The Lusitania

  22. Zimmermann Telegram • From Germany to Mexico • Asked Mexico to threaten the US to stay out of the war OR ELSE! • Why would Mexico be better to threaten the US? • IF the US declared war on Germany, • Mexico would declare war on the US • After a German victory in WWI, Mexico would get: • Texas, Arizona and New Mexico (land taken by US)

  23. Selective Service Act May 18, 1917 • Men between the ages of 21-30 required to register to be drafted • African American soldiers were segregated • Believed they would be a threat after war • Latinos went through English training before fighting • Harlem Hell Fighters 191 days

  24. Convoy System Destroyers or cruisers would surround troop-transport ships for protection

  25. Allied Setbacks 1917- Bolsheviks, or Communists, took over Russia. Vladimir Lenin made peace with Germany Now it was a ONE front war

  26. How did America help win WWI? We provided new energy, fresh troops, new money and weapons

  27. Home Front Propaganda Posters, newspaper stories, speeches designed to influence people’s opinions Liberty Bonds Savings bonds that were a loan to the government Regulating Food & Fuel: Conserve at home, supply the troops

  28. Schenk V. United States Limits to freedom of speech during war -clear and present danger

  29. All Quiet on the Western Front • Why did the soldier dehumanize himself and others? • Trench life was horrible • Killing others was horrible • Watching your friends die, being afraid to die yourself, must be horrible as well • Post Traumatic Stress Disorder

  30. Why did Americans help win WWI? We provided fresh troops, not wary from fighting For the first time, the Allies went on the offense

  31. Armistice - peace November 11, 1918: Armistice went into effect Guns fell silent 8.5 MILLION people killed “war to end all wars?” • Late 1918 • War crippling German economy • Civilians lacked food • Food riots and strikes erupted in Germany • Revolution swept across Austria-Hungary • Central Powers couldn’t get soldiers to fight • Austria-Hungary signed a peace agreement with allies • Germany surrendered its aircraft, artillery, tanks, U-Boats

  32. Fourteen Points • What we demand…is that the world be made fit and safe to live in; and particularly that it be made safe for every peace loving nation which, like our own, wishes to live its own life, determine its own institutions, be assured of justice and fair dealing by the other peoples of the world as against force and selfish aggression

  33. Paris Peace Conference • Wilson went to Paris to lead peace talks • Republicans and others thought he should have stayed home to put the country back together • Wilson believed a lasting peace required an unbiased leader • LEAGUE OF NATIONS: international peacekeeping group of countries

  34. The Treaty of Versailles June 1919

  35. Woodrow Wilson USA David Lloyd-George Great Britain The Big Four VittorioOrlando Italy Georges Clemenceau France

  36. The Big Four at Versailles in 1919

  37. TREATY OF VERSAILLES 9 NEW COUNTRIES: CZECHOSLOVAKIA POLAND YUGOSLAVIA ESTONIA LATVIA LITHUANIA FINLAND HUNGARY IRAQ • MUCH harsher than Wilson wanted • Forced Germany to disarm its military • REPARATIONS: payments for damages and expenses caused by war • Far exceeded what Germany could pay • Demanded Germany accept sole responsibility • Established a League of Nations

  38. IMPACT OF WWI 14 million dead 7 million permanently disabled $280 BILLION • Monarchies overthrown: • Russia, Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire • US emerges as world’s leading economic power • Europe lost an entire generation of young men • France was destroyed, England in debt • Germany crippled by reparations

  39. Before……………………After

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