Universal Design Foundation & Principles

1. Universal DesignFoundation & Principles L. Scott Lissner ADA Coordinator Ohio State University ADA-OSU@OSU.EDU Http://ADA.OSU.EDU

3. Universal Design • Design • Adapted Design • Accessible Design Standards • 1961 ANSI 117,1968 ATBA, 1977 UFAS, 1988 FHA, 19 90 ADA, 2000 ICC • Universal Design • Design?

4. Universal Design is: Market driven A process not a goal Minimizing incompatibilities between conditions of people and their environment About form and function Incorporates awareness of all users needs Comfortable & safe for widest possible range of potential users Inclusive Requires the mindful creativity of the designer Universal Design is not: Compliance with minimum accessibility regulations Adding on a ramp or accessible features One size fits all

5. Models of Disability • Medical Model • Based on diagnosis • Resides in the individual • Social Model • Based on interaction between conditions of people & conditions of the environment • Resides in the interaction Which is more relevant for a designer?

6. Body Functions & Structures Activities & Participation Environmental Factors Functions Structures Capacity Performance Barriers Facilitators

7. Body function & structure Impairment Activity Limitation Participation Restriction Environmental Factors Personal Factors Interaction of Conceptswww.who.int/classification/icf Health Condition (disorder/disease)

8. Equitable Use Welcoming to diverse groups; provides for equivalent if not identical participation and effort. Consider characteristics such as height, weight, strength, vision, hearing gender, language and cultural/background of all potential users.

9. Entering The Front Door

10. Flexibility in Use Adaptability of the spaces over time and uses. Flexibility in control by the users in interacting with specific elements and functions

11. At home, work & Play

12. Simple and Intuitive Use Provides consistent forms, locations, and cues for way finding, operation or interaction. Understandable to the novice and efficient for experienced users with diverse experience, cultural backgrounds, languages and educational levels

13. Not all compliant solutions are good design

14. Perceptible Information Communicate information effectively across the spectrum of ambient conditions (light, sound, activity) using a variety of modalities (tactile, visual, auditory, linguistic).

15. Where? What?

16. Tolerance for Error Minimize hazards and the adverse consequences of unintended actions, variations in pace, or vigilance. Provide warnings or fail safe features when needed.

18. Low Physical Effort Efficient building systems. Minimize user fatigue by reducing the need for sustained physical effort, allowing for neutral or ergonomic body positioning and reasonable operating forces.

20. Size & Space for Approach and Use Appropriate space to approach and reach across the full range of user heights, sizes and relative position. Appropriately sized elements to allow manipulation across a range of hand sizes, reach ranges and positions.

22. Equitable Use Tolerance for Error Size and Space for Approach and Use Flexibility in Use Simple and Intuitive Use Low Physical Effort Perceptible Information The Principles work most effectively when used together