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Epidemiological Transition Models Population Control

Epidemiological Transition Models Population Control. Epidemiological Transition Model. ETM-shows distinctive causes of death in each stage of the demographic transition model Stage 1 Epidemics/Pandemics: Infectious and parasitic diseases, famine

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Epidemiological Transition Models Population Control

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  1. Epidemiological Transition Models Population Control

  2. Epidemiological Transition Model • ETM-shows distinctive causes of death in each stage of the demographic transition model • Stage 1 • Epidemics/Pandemics: Infectious and parasitic diseases, famine • Ex: Black Plague (25 million Europeans died) • Stage 2 • Receding epidemic (affects high proportion of population, but in isolation) • Ex: Cholera (contaminated water supply)

  3. Epidemiological Transition Model • Stage 3 • Degenerative and human-created disease • Ex: Cardiovascular disease and Cancer • Stage 4 • Delayed degenerative diseases • Ex: Alzheimer's, Diabetes • Stage 5? • Reemerging infectious and parasitic disease • Ex: Malaria, TB, AIDS

  4. AIDS/HIV+ • 2010 world distribution: • 23 million in Sub-Saharan Africa • 5+ million in Asia (India, China, SE Asia) • 2 million in Latin America (Caribbean-Haiti) • Sub-Saharan Africa • 70% of HIV cases • Zimbabwe, Botswana, Zambia, South Africa, Kenya • Increase death rates • Declining life expectancy

  5. How do Governments Affect Population Change? • Many governments institute policies designed to influence the overall growth rate or ethnic ratios within the population. These policies fall into three groups: 1. Expansive 2. Eugenic 3. Restrictive

  6. Expansive Population Policies • Encourage families to have more children • Communist Societies • Soviet Union • China – Mao Zedong • European countries: NOW • Tax incentives • Sweden • Cash payments, tax incentives, job leave, work hour flexibility lasting up to 8 years after birth • Short baby boom, but led to issues

  7. Eugenic Population Policies • Favoring one racial or cultural sector of the population over the others • Tax discrimination, allocation of resources, favoritism • Examples • Nazi Germany • Japan? • USA?

  8. Restrictive Population Policies • Reducing the rate of natural increase through a range of means • China: “One-child” policy: Income bonuses, Better health care benefits, Better retirement pensions, Priority in housing

  9. Solutions to Population Growth • Empowerment of Women • $ for contraception & education • Changing cultural norms to value girls • Diffusion of Birth Control Policies • Educating men w/ responsibility for birth control • Sterilization

  10. Solutions to Population Growth • Redistribution of wealth - improve standard of living for poor so that children aren’t as necessary • Improving farming techniques in poor areas • Starvation, Malnourishment

  11. Solutions to Population Growth • Medical technology – costs of maintaining vulnerable populations (old & young) • Addressing government policies to deal with their growing populations

  12. Something to think about… • Is population control funded by MDCs ethical in LDCs? • Population control v. culture • Birth control? • Sterilization? • Abortion? • Sex determination? • Incentives: Money, food, clothing? • Is population control funded by MDCs needed to keep mass amounts of people in the LDCs out of poverty?

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