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INTRODUCTION TO BLOOD & BLOOD VESSELS

INTRODUCTION TO BLOOD & BLOOD VESSELS. DR ZAHOOR ALI SHAIKH LECTURE ----6. BLOOD. Blood transports O2, nutrients to tissues and CO2 to lungs and other products of metabolism to kidneys. BLOOD VOLUME. Blood Volume: - Men - 5.5 LITERS - Women - 5 LITERS. BLOOD COMPOSITION.

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INTRODUCTION TO BLOOD & BLOOD VESSELS

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  1. INTRODUCTION TO BLOOD& BLOOD VESSELS DR ZAHOOR ALI SHAIKH LECTURE ----6

  2. BLOOD • Blood transports O2, nutrients to tissues and CO2 to lungs and other products of metabolism to kidneys.

  3. BLOOD VOLUME • Blood Volume: - Men - 5.5 LITERS - Women - 5 LITERS

  4. BLOOD COMPOSITION • Blood Composition • Blood consists of liquid PLASMA , in which cellular elements are present. • Cellular Elements are -- Red Blood Cells(RBC) or Erythrocytes -- White Blood Cells (WBC) or Leukocytes -- Platelets or Thrombocyte

  5. Normal Values • Normal Value • Red Blood Cell [RBC] – 5 millions / mm3 • Hemoglobin [Hb] – 15 gm / dl • White Blood Cell [WBC] – 4000-11000/mm3 • Platelet – 150,000-400,000 /mm3

  6. BLOOD • In Blood we have - Plasma – 55% ( 3 liters). - Cells – 45% • Packed cell volume is called ‘Hemotocrit’. • In Hemotocrit, most of the cells are RBC.

  7. BLOOD • We will discuss: • Plasma • RBC or Erythrocyte • WBC or Leukocyte • Platelets or Thrombocyte

  8. PLASMA • Plasma is transport medium for inorganic and organic substances. • Plasma Composition: - Water – 90% - Electrolytes [1%]– mainly Na+, Cl-, K+, HCO3-, Ca2+ - Plasma protein [6-8%] - Organic Substances - Glucose, Amino acids, Lipids, Vitamins - Waste products – urea, creatinine - Dissolved gases – O2 and CO2 - Hormones

  9. Plasma Protein • Plasma protein present are: - Albumin – helps in transport of substances - Globulin i. Alpha Globulin – blood clotting factors ii. Beta Globulin – blood clotting factors iii. Gamma Globulin – for defense of body - Fibrinogen – helps in blood clotting • Most of the plasma protein are synthesized in liver.

  10. RED BLOOD CELL [RBC] • RBC have hemoglobin inside which transports O2. • RBC are biconcave disc. • RBC diameter – 8 um • RBC life span – 120 days

  11. WHITE BLOOD CELL [WBC] • WBC work as mobile defense units and are transported in the blood to the site of infection. • WBC work as immune system also.

  12. DIFFERENT TYPES OF WBC & THEIR FUNCTIONS

  13. PLATELETS or THROMBOCYTES • Platelets are important for hemostasisi.e. they prevent blood loose from damaged blood vessels.

  14. CLINICAL APPLICATION • Anemia – decrease in RBC & Hb • Polycythemia – increase in RBC & Hb • Leukocytosis – increase in WBC count (more than 11,000 /mm3 • Leukopenia – decrease in WBC count (less than 4000 /mm3 • Thrombocytosis – increase in platelet count • Thrombocytopenia – decrease in platelet count

  15. BLOOD VESSELS

  16. BLOOD VESSELS • Blood is transported to all parts of the body through blood vessels to supply O2, nutrition and remove the waste products e.g. CO2, Urea. • Oxygenated blood is pumped by left ventricle to Aorta and goes to blood vessels to supply oxygen and nutrition to body. • Blood is returned to right side of the heart as Deoxygenated blood through veins.

  17. BLOOD VESSELS (cont) • The vascular tree consists of: 1. Arteries 2. Arterioles 3. Capillaries 4. Venules 5. Veins

  18. ARTERIES • Large arteries act as pressure reservoir. • Has thick, highly elastic wall. • Has elastic fibers in the wall. • Has large radius. • Take blood from heart to the organs.

  19. ARTERIOLES • Arterioles are highly muscular (smooth muscle). • Have small radius. • Are major resistance vessels. • Have no elastic fiber.

  20. CAPILLARIES • Capillaries are thin walled, have endothelial lining only between blood and tissues. • Are exchange vessels. • Bring blood within reach of every cell. • 10 billions in number.

  21. Veins • Veins are thin walled as compared to arteries. • Bring blood to heart. • Act as blood reservoir (65% of blood is in veins). • As they can store blood, they are called ‘CAPACITANCE VESSELS’.

  22. ‘USEFUL INFORMATION’ • Normal Pulse Rate – 72 beats/min (range 60-100 beats/min) • Normal Blood Pressure (BP) – 120/80 mmHg (range for systolic BP – 100-140 mmHg) (range for diastolic BP – 60-90 mmHg) • Hypertension (high blood pressure) – when BP is above 140/90 mmHg. • Hypotension (low blood pressure) – when BP is below 100/60 mmHg.

  23. What You Should Know From This Lecture • Composition of Blood - Plasma - Cells • Composition of Plasma and Types of Cells Present [RBC, WBC, Platelets] • Normal Values for Hb, RBC, WBC, PLT • Different types of WBC [N,E,B,L,M] and their Function • Blood Vessels - Arteries – pressure vessel - Arterioles – resistance vessel - Capillary – exchange vessel - Veins – capacitance vessel or blood reservoir • Normal Blood Pressure, Hyper tension, Hypo tension • Normal Heart rate • Clinical terms – Anemia, Polycythemia, Leukocytosis, Leukopenia, Thrombocytosis, Thrombocytopenia

  24. Thank you

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