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Bio-energy in Mauritius: lessons learned

Bio-energy in Mauritius: lessons learned. Sanju Deenapanray CDM National Project Coordinator, Mauritius prakash.deenapanray@undp.org. Bio-carbon in Eastern & Southern Africa, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (24 April 2009). Overview. CO 2 emissions & Electricity Sector in Mauritius

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Bio-energy in Mauritius: lessons learned

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  1. Bio-energy in Mauritius: lessons learned Sanju Deenapanray CDM National Project Coordinator, Mauritius prakash.deenapanray@undp.org Bio-carbon in Eastern & Southern Africa, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (24 April 2009)

  2. Overview • CO2 emissions & Electricity Sector in Mauritius • Bagasse co-generation & co-firing • Potential for CDM in Africa

  3. ~82% Dependence on Fossil Fuel

  4. CO2 Emissions Per capita CO2 emission = 2.7 tonnes (2007)

  5. Sectoral CO2 Emissions (1995 - 2007) Electricity & Transport accounted for >83% of total emissions in 2007

  6. Electricity Supply Demand growing at 5-6% per annum over the past decade ~78% of electricity produced from fossil fuels

  7. Role of Independent Power Producers • In 2007, IPPs generated around 66.5% of total thermal electricity in Mauritius (1461.5 GWh out of 2464.6 GWh) • Internal consumption of IPPs was 234.8 GWh • Exported 1226.7 GWh to the gird (i.e. ~56% of all grid electricity) and CEB generated 972.3 GWh (or ~44%) • Thermal electricity is produced in 3 ways by IPPs • 1. Bagasse only (continuous power) • 2. Bagasse/Coal (firm power) • 3. Coal only (firm power)

  8. Overview • CO2 emissions & Electricity Sector in Mauritius • Bagasse co-generation & co-firing • Potential for CDM in Africa

  9. Steam Turbo Generator Sugar Process Steam & Power boiler biomass Steam Mill Drives Surplus Electricity to Grid Cogeneration – the concept

  10. Key Enabling Factors • Economic & fiscal incentives • Power Purchase Agreements (attractive sale price of electricity for firm power) • Research & Development (technology transfer; bio-engineering etc …) • Equity Participation (of small in cogeneration plants through the State Investment Trust – up to 25%)

  11. Increase in Efficiency in Cogeneration

  12. Increase in Generation of Firm Power

  13. Reduction in CO2 Emissions • Grid Emission Factor, EFgrid,2007 = 1.1773 tCO2/MWh • In 2007, a total of 346.8 GWh generated from bagasse (@ 242.5 kWh/TB) • Avoided CO2 emissions = 408,300 tonnes (2007) • Considering an average efficiency = 374.6 kWh/TB (@82 bars) • Potential for avoided CO2 emissions = 630,705 tonnes

  14. How ‘dirty’ is the grid? EFgrid,CM,y = EFgrid,OM,y X wOM + EFgrid,BM,y X wBM Generation-weighted average CO2 emissions net of electricity generated of either 5 most recently built plants or 20% of last power generated (whichever is larger) Generation-weighted average CO2 emissions net of electricity generated (excludes low-cost, must run plants & CDM projects) wOM = wBM = 50% (1st crediting period) For Mauritius (2007): EFgrid,OM,y = 1.0886 tCO2 / MWh; EFgrid,BM,y = 1.2659 tCO2 / MWh; EFgrid,CM,y = 1.1773 tCO2 / MWh  VERY DIRTY GRID

  15. Overview • CO2 emissions & Electricity Sector in Mauritius • Bagasse co-generation & co-firing • Potential for CDM in Africa

  16. Bagasse Cogeneration in Africa • 10,000 GWh/yr (or 10 TWh/yr) in 2005 [90 million tonnes of cane] • In 2005, total demand of electricity in Africa was ~ 533 TWh • Potential to generate 2% of electricity demand from bagasse • Potential could be much larger considering availability of other renewable biomass in Africa (e.g. crop residues, woody biomass - quantity?) • Biomass can also be used to provide only thermal energy (process steam and heat) for industrial processes

  17. Example - Mozambique • 596,271 TB produced in 2007 • Assuming a conversion efficiency of 374.6 kWh/TB • EFgrid,2005 = 0.045 MWh/tCO2 18

  18. Clean Development Mechanism • Several bagasse (biomass) cogeneration projects have successfully generated CERs • Approved baseline & monitoring methodologies exist. For example: • ACM0006 ‘Consolidated methodology for electricity generation from biomass residues – Version 8’ • Several Small-Scale methodologies in Categories I.A, I.C and I.D 19

  19. ACM0006 – Consolidated methodology for electricity generation from biomass residues – Version 8

  20. ACM0006 – Consolidated methodology for electricity generation from biomass residues – Version 8

  21. Additionality “Reductions in emissions must be additional to any that would occur in the absence of the project activity” • Most registered CDM projects (biomass cogeneration / thermal energy production) have employed ‘Barrier Analysis’ to justify additionality. Some barriers are: • Investment barrier (high upfront CapEx) • Technological barrier • Barrier due to prevailing practice (cultural barrier) • Institutional barrier (e.g. access to grid, feed-in tariff) • Price risk of biomass residue • Biomass collection and storage barriers

  22. End Sanju Deenapanray CDM National Project Coordinator, UNDP prakash.deenapanray@undp.org Tel: +230 208 2416 Fax: +230 208 4871

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