The Piano Roll Recordings of Teresa Carreño (1853-1917)

1. The Piano Roll Recordings of Teresa Carreño (1853-1917) Music Library Association 2017 Annual Meeting Jerry McBride Stanford University Music Library and Archive of Recorded Sound

2. Carreño as Pianist “One of the most eminent of female pianists, Teresa Carreño was characterized as having a man’s head, man’s fingers, and a woman’s heart.” Duo-Art Catalog, 1927

3. Carreño as Recording Artist Dear Sir! The “Mignon” has played back to me Liszt’s Sixth Rhapsody, which I played for this wonderful instrument. The rendering was so exactly, as I play it that I should like to express once again my admiration for this incredible invention. The “Mignon” is the wonder of wonders among mechanical inventions. With Happy New Year’s greetings Yours Teresa Carreño [1 January 1906]

4. Carreño as Recording Artist It is my pleasure to express my admiration for your Phonola. It is really a wonderful invention, and the Phonola will provide a great service as a teacher for music lovers and arouse the greatest interest from musicians. Best regards, Teresa Carreño Berlin, 30th November 1905

5. Carreño as Recording Artist “During the past years in Germany, Carreño had pioneered in the making of rolls for the Duo-Art, the Welte, the Ampico. Reproducing mechanisms had brought her little satisfaction. In the first place the ordeal of playing for the making of the master roll was nerve-racking. She was overcome by stage fright unknown in a whole lifetime of concerts. Hertha [d’Albert, Carreño’s daughter] once had accompanied her for moral support on such an occasion. The lights which went on and off, the three men who sat busily taking notes, the mystifying machinery, all combined to upset her, so that the initial roll was a complete failure. When finally with perspiration standing out in beads from every pore she had completed her work, her relief was such that she suggested a pleasure trip on the Rhine for recuperation. The results of her recordings all disappointed her. In spite of hours spent in revision she found them far from true to her style. She tried to have a number recalled from publication, unwilling to allow experimentation at such a price.”

6. Roll Companies Recorded Welte-Mignon (Freiburg) Hupfeld (Leipzig) Philips Duca (Frankfurt) Duo-Art (New York and London) Reissued from the companies above Ampico (East Rochester, N.Y.) – Hupfeld Artrio (Meriden, Conn.) – probably Welte Artecho (DeKalb, Ill.) – Welte Recordo (New York) - Uncertain

7. Welte-Mignon

8. Roll types Reproducing Roll Hand-Played Roll

9. Welte-Mignon Cat. Nos. 360-373 Soireésde Viennes, No. 6 Schubert; arr. Liszt Fantasia, op. 17 in C major Robert Schumann Nocturne, op. 32. No. 2 in A-flat major Frédéric Chopin Hungarian Rhapsody, no. 6 in D-flat major Franz Liszt Nocturne, op. 48, no. 1 in c minor Frédéric Chopin Ballade, no. 1, op. 23 in g minor FrédéricChopin Années de Pèlerinage, 2ndyear, no. 4 Franz Liszt Ballade, no. 3, op. 47 in A-flat major FrédéricChopin By the Seashore, op. 17 BedřichSmetana Little Waltz Teresa Carreño Sonata, op. 53 in C major (Waldstein) Beethoven Recorded April 1905

10. HupfeldPhonola, DEA, & Triphonola Rolls Rondo, op. 41, no. 2 in G major Ludwig van Beethoven Spanish Dance Teresa Carreño Etude, op. 25, no. 1 FrédéricChopin Impromptu, op. 90, no. 3 Franz Schubert Marche Militaire, op. 51, no. 1 Schubert; arr. Tausig Nocturne, op. 10, no. 1 Peter Ilich Tchaikovsky Romance, op. 44, no. 1 Anton Rubinstein Barcarolle, no. 4 in G major Anton Rubinstein Barcarolle, no. 1, op. 30, no. 1 Anton Rubinstein

11. HupfeldRolls Cont. Nocturne, op. 62, no. 1 Frédéric Chopin Berceuse, op. 57 Frédéric Chopin Waltz, op. 42 Frédéric Chopin Chant sans paroles, op. 2, no. 3 Peter Ilich Tchaikovsky Sonata, op. 109 Ludwig van Beethoven Theme and Etudes, nos. 1-9 & Finale Robert Schumann Waldscenen, op. 82, no. 7 Robert Schumann

12. Philipps Duca Cat. Nos. 1250-1265 Etude, op. 25, no. 9 in G-flat major FrédéricChopin Sonata, op. 58, no. 3 in b minor Frédéric Chopin Nocturne, op. 37, no. 2 in G major FrédéricChopin Ballade, no. 1, op. 23 in g minor Frédéric Chopin Barcarolle, op. 60 in F# major FrédéricChopin Romance, op. 44, no. 1 A. Rubinstein ValseCaprice in E-flat major A. Rubinstein Sonata, op. 31, no. 3 in E-flat major Beethoven Sonata, op. 57 in f minor (Appassionata) Beethoven Rondo, op. 51, no. 2 in G major Beethoven

13. Philipps Duca Cat. Nos. 1266-1276 Polonaise, no. 2 in E major Franz Liszt Etude de Concert, no. 3 in D-flat major Franz Liszt Etudes d’executiontranscendante, no. 5 Franz Liszt Paganini etude, no. 3 in g# minor Franz Liszt Annéesde Pèlerinage. 1st year. No. 4 Franz Liszt Années de Pèlerinage. 2ndyear. No. 4 Franz Liszt Themeand Etudes, nos. 1-12 R. Schumann Fantasie, op. 35 Edward Poldini LittleWaltz Teresa Carreño Humoreske, op. 44, no. 1 in E-flat major Edward Poldini

14. Duo-Art Rolls Polonaise, op. 53 FrédéricChopin Sonata, op. 27, no. 2 (Moonlight)Ludwig van Beethoven Two Fantastic Pieces, op.17,no.2Edward MacDowell Etude de concert, op. 36 Edward MacDowell Barcarolle, no. 4 in G major Anton Rubinstein Little Waltz Teresa Carreño Suite No. 5. Air and Variations George FridericHandel(Harmonious Blacksmith) (Issued from 1914-1918)

15. Reissued Rolls Ampico – Hupfeld Impromptu, op. 90, no. 3 Franz SchubertSpanish Dance Teresa CarreñoBerceuse, op. 57 Frédéric ChopinNocturne, op. 10, no. 1 P. I. Tchaikovsky Artrio – probably Welte Ballade, op. 47 Frédéric Chopin Little Waltz Teresa Carreño Artecho – Welte Little Waltz Teresa CarreñoHungarian Rhapsody, no. 6 Franz LisztSoireésde ViennesNo. 6 Franz Schubert; arr. Liszt Recordo - probably Welte Little Waltz Teresa CarreñoSoireésde Viennes No. 6 Franz Schubert; arr.Liszt

16. Recording Examples Beethoven Waldstein Sonata Caswell version Beethoven Waldstein Sonata Hotel Waldhaus version Chopin G minor Ballade Liszt Hungarian Rhapsody No. 6. Opening Liszt Hungarian Rhapsody No. 6. Conclusion

17. Piano Roll Digitization Prototype by Anthony Robinson

18. Questions The Piano Roll Recordings of Teresa Carreño (1853-1917) Music Library Association 2017 Annual Meeting Jerry McBride Stanford University Music Library and Archive of Recorded Sound