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Trade, Towns & Financial Revolution. Guild, burgher, Dante & Chaucer. Trade & Finance Expand. Trade routes spread from Flanders to Italy. Italian merchants traveled from the Mediterranean to Byzantium & Constantinople. Peasants traveled to towns from manors on fair days.
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Trade, Towns & Financial Revolution Guild, burgher, Dante & Chaucer
Trade & Finance Expand • Trade routes spread from Flanders to Italy. • Italian merchants traveled from the Mediterranean to Byzantium & Constantinople. • Peasants traveled to towns from manors on fair days. • Cloth was the most common trade item. • Bacon, bleu cheese, salt, honey wine and other items were traded.
Guilds • Fairs were controlled the crafts and trade. • Guild was an association of people who worked at the same occupation. • Guilds controlled all wages and prices in their craft. • 1st guilds were formed by merchants. • As towns grew artisans began craft guilds. Only masters of the trade could be guild members.
Guild Members • Apprentice for 5-9 years. • Apprentice goes to journeyman. • Journeyman makes an item. • If the item qualified as a master piece then they were welcomed into the guild.
Financial Revolution • Merchants needed money for their goods. • Christians could not loan money because it was a sin. • Many of Europe’s Jews were moneylenders. • Jews lived separate from Christians in ghettos. • Banking became a business in Italy.
Urban Splendor Reborn • Better farming caused a population spurt. • Population grew from 30 to 40 million b/w 1000 to 1150. • Typical town in Europe had between 1,500 to 2,500 people.
Trade & Towns Grow Together • Trade was the lifeblood of the new towns. • Trade grew, towns grew. • People were no longer happy with the feudal system. • Streets were filled with horses, pigs, oxen and their waste. • No sewage, fresh water and people did not bathe.
Towns • Serfs moved to the towns to get their freedom. • Towns were under control of the lords but as trade expanded resentment resulted. • Burghers (town dwellers) organized themselves and demanded privileges. • Fought for their rights from the lords.
Revival of Learning • The university became a venue for learning in Europe. • People not buildings made up the universities. • The first universities were at Paris & Bologna. • Most students were the sons of burghers & wealthy artisans. • Dante wrote The Divine Comedy, Chaucer wrote The Canterbury Tales.
Revival of Learning • Crusaders brought back knowledge of science, philosophy, law, mathematics and navigation learned from the Muslims. • Jewish scholars translated Arabic works of Aristotle & other Greek writers into Latin. • Scholastics or schoolmen at the universities began to debate many issues. • Their teachings on law & government influenced the thinking of western Europeans.
