Impact of Industrialization, Rise of Nationalism, and Worldwide Imperialism

1. SSWH15 The student will be able to describe the impact of industrialization, the rise of nationalism, & the major characteristics of worldwide imperialism

2. Industrial revolution begins: • Began in britain (1700s-1800s) • Long, slow process • Production shifts from simple hand tools to complex machines • Spread from britain t other parts of the world • Rural to urban

3. Industrialization needs: • Natural resources (coal, water, iron ore, rivers, harbors) • Capital (money) 3. Stable government & economy 4. Labor *new inventions increase harvests * food surplus= in population= * demand for products *wealthy buy farms, so farmers forced to move into cities

4. Textile industry: • First area of production to industrialize • Involves everything needed to make cloth

5. Inventions drive industry:

6. Industrialization in britain: • Natural resources: ports, rivers, coal, iron • Skilled merchant class • Population explosion, demand for goods • Money: slave trade brought in money to invest • Stable government • Strong navy

7. Industrialization in germany: • Late 1800s: emerged as industrial king of europe • Iron & coal resources • Disciplined workforce • Increase in population • Stable government with unification; supported research & science

8. Industrialization in germany: • Otto von bismarck: chancellor of germany • Crushed any opposition to germanunification • Hated socialism; sought to eliminate socialist party in Germany • Offered health , accident, & old-age insurance; became model for social reform • Created german nationalism

9. Industrialization in japan: • Overcame lack of natural resources • Adopted western methods • Built factories then sold to wealthy business families who developed them further • Silk, shipyards, copper, coal, steel • Increase in population; moved to cities

10. Industrialization in japan: • Emperor meiji • Rule is known as the meiji restoration • Made industrialization a priority • Created banking system, built railroads, postal system, improved ports • Set up schools/universities (westerners were hired to teach) • Made japan a very powerful, industrialized nation

11. Urbanization: • Movement of people to cities • Poor sanitation & housing • Poverty, harsh living conditions • New social classes created **wealthy *middle *working *poor

13. 14 hour workdayNo safety regulationslittle/no breaksextensive child labor Working conditions:

15. Social classes: • Working class: • Factory workers • Most in poverty • Women forced to work b/c husbands made low wages that could not support the family

16. Social classes: • Middle class: • Factory owners & merchants • Women did not work but stayed home to raise the children • Source of pride for middle-class men • Machines replace many jobs

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18. Political reforms: • Capitalism: *economic system that flourished during Ind. Rev. * focused on individuals opening a business with a goal of making a profit *big rich-poor gap *individual rights • Adam smith: *Author of the wealth of nations *free market (exchange of goods & services) should help everyone, not just rich *supporter of laissez faire (“hands off”)

19. Political reforms: • Socialism: *People as a whole would own/operate production rather than individuals *wanted to end poverty & injustice *grew out of enlightenment ideas • Communism: *governments led by a small elite control all economic & political life *no social classes exist *No private property *money should be equally distributed

20. Karl marx: • wrote the communist manifesto • opponent of capitalism • Power struggle between classes • Wealth & power would be equally shared

21. Imperialism (1850-1914): • Strong nation dominates weaker nation politically, socially, & economically • Created by industrialization & new advances • Western nations wanted to dominate the world • New economic & military power encouraged aggressive expansion

22. Reasons: Raw materials Place to sell goods Religion Social darwinism

23. Social darwinism: • “scientific racism” • Belief that european races were superior to all others & imperial domination of weaker races was part of improving human species • Inventions encouraged expansion (machine guns, steamboats, railroads) • “white man’s burden”

24. Imperialism in africa: • “scramble for africa;” complete disregard for ethnic/linguistic groups when drawing new borders • Britain: controlled areas with largest population & rich resources (diamonds, gold, salt, rubber, slaves) • Set up new constitution in south africa ran by whites that caused racial segregation until 1993

26. Imperialism in southeast asia: • France took over present-day vietnam • Tried to convert population to Christianity; natives began to kill converts & missionaries • French put down rebellion, took over vietnam, laos, & cambodia (became known as frenchindochina)

27. Japanese imperialism: • Due to lack of natural resources, japan created a strong ambition to build an empire • Modern army & navy • Forced korea into trade • Sino-japanese war: japan beats china; opens ports in china & taiwan

28. Russo-japanese war: • 1904 • Fought between russia & japan • Fighting to control korea & manchuria • 1st time in modern history that an asian nation had beaten a european nation

29. Industrial-era conflicts: Boxer rebellion: Young turks: • Chinese upset at european influence • Began attacking foreigners • In response, westerners & japan unite & crush rebellion • Increased western control in china • Liberal group in ottoman empire that wanted reform • 1908: Overthrew the sultan • World war 1 began before they could make any reforms to empire