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= 4.02 = 2.59 = 1.38 = 2.88 = 2.48 =1.29

What Factors Influence Back Pain in Nurses? Brittany Frank, Christine Henke, Casey Lynch, Cliff Rippel, Lyndsay Sadler (School of Nursing) Colleen Royle MSN, RN Faculty Mentor (School of Nursing). Research Method :

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= 4.02 = 2.59 = 1.38 = 2.88 = 2.48 =1.29

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  1. What Factors Influence Back Pain in Nurses? Brittany Frank, Christine Henke, Casey Lynch, Cliff Rippel, Lyndsay Sadler (School of Nursing) Colleen Royle MSN, RN Faculty Mentor (School of Nursing) Research Method: This study will be a quantitative correlational study examining 500 nurses from the Minnesota Nurses Association (MNA). Participants will be randomly selected out of 18,000 MNA members. Participants will be asked to complete a two-part survey using Survey Monkey. Part one will include the following demographics: gender, ethnicity, height, weight, age, education level, unit of work, number of children, and physical activity outside of work. Part two will use a Likert Scale assessing the participants’ perception of back pain, medical treatment, and lifting behaviors. Data will be collected over a two week period and will be analyzed using statistical function within Microsoft Excel. Background: According to June and Cho (2011) many back injuries acquired at work are related to poor body mechanics; bending, twisting, frequent heavy lifting, and poor posture. Factors that put nurses at risk are age, gender (female), smoking, nursing department (ICU, OR, Orthopedics, etc.), low level of education, and long periods of standing (June & Cho, 2011). Karahan, Kav, Abbasoglu, and Dogan (2009) state that there is a positive correlation between levels of stress and the incidence of back pain. A great number of back injuries have shown to be under reported (Gropelli & Corle, 2010). In a study published by Pompeii et al. (2009), thirty-one percent of 589 nurses who were surveyed, reported lost work days because of back injuries. Time Line: Literature Review Proposal Development (January – April 2012) Design Survey (May – August 2012) Problem Statement: Evidence shows there is a concern for musculoskeletal injuries, primarily back pain, within the nursing profession (Nelson, et al., 2006). Few studies have shown what are the causes influencing back pain. Obtain Funding and Internal Review Board (IRB) (September – October 2012) Research Purpose/Aims: The purpose of this study is to identify the prevalence of back injuries for nurses and the incidence of back pain within the hospital setting. Data Collection (November 2012 – January 2013) Research Questions: 1. What is the percentage of nurses who have back pain? 2. What factors cause back pain? 3. Is back pain more prevalent in men or women? Data Analysis (February – March 2013) • References • Gropelli, T. M., PhD., & Corle, K. (2010). Nurses and therapists experiences with occupational musculoskeletal injuries. Workplace Health & Safety, 58(4), 159-66.http://ezproxy.mnsu.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/205397706?accountid=12259 • June, K., & Cho, S. (2011). Low back pain and work-related factors among nurses in intensive care units. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 20(3/4), 479-487. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2702.2010.03210.x • Karahan, A., Kav, S., Abbasoglu, A., & Dogan, N. (2009). Low back pain: prevalence and associated risk factors among hospital staff. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 65(3), 516-524. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2648.2008.04905.x • Nelson, A. L., Fragala, G., and Menzel, N. N. (2006). Safe Patient Handling • and Movement: A Guide for Nurses and Other Health Care Providers. Springer Press: New York, NY. • Pompeii, L. A., Lipscomb, H. J., & Dement, J. M. (2010). Predictors of lost time from work among nursing personnel who sought treatment for back pain. WORK , 285-295. • Roupa, Z., Sotiropoulou, P., Kotrotsiou, E., Vassilopoulos, A., Mylona, E., Noula, M., & Marvaki, C. (2006). Exploring the problem of low back pain in relation to nurses' level of education. Icus & Nursing Web Journal, (28), 1-7. Record Findings (April – June 2013) Duration 17% Posture 21% Force 22% Movements 20% Key = 4.02 = 2.59 = 1.38 = 2.88 = 2.48 =1.29 = 2.75 = 2.40 =1.26 = 2.69 = 1.47 =1.25 Repetitions 20% Figure 2: Areas of discomfort felt at the end of a shift amongst intensive care nurses. Areas are rated using a 10- point scale system. Figure credited by Vieira, E. et. al. (2006) Figure 1: Force, posture, movements, repetitions, and duration contributing to the total effort required by intensive care nurses.Figure credited by Vieira, E. et. al. (2006)

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