La descripción de nuestros alrededores : diferencias y semejanzas

1. La descripción de nuestrosalrededores: diferencias y semejanzas Etapa 2 Adjectives: Part I pp. 77-80 Demonstrative Adjectives p. 84Demonstrative pronouns p. 86

2. Etapa 2Adjectives: Part I pp. 77-80 • Adjectives are frequently descriptive. That is, most often adjectives are used to describe a • noun, or distinguish the noun from a group of similar objects. For example, an adjective • might describe the color of an object. • the red pen • the blue pen

3. Etapa 2Adjectives: Part I pp. 77-80 • In Spanish, most adjectives change form, depending upon whether the word they modify is masculine or feminine. • Notice the difference between “the tall boy” and “the tall girl.” • el chicoalto • la chicaalta

4. Etapa 2Adjectives: Part I pp. 77-80 • Adjectives also change form depending upon whether the word they modify is singular or plural. • Notice the difference between “the tall boy” and “the tall boys” ; “the tall girl” and “the tall girls.” • el chicoalto • los chicosaltos • la chicaalta • laschicasaltas

5. Etapa 2Adjectives: Part I pp. 77-80 • Many common adjectives end in -o. These adjectives have four forms. The following words all mean “tall”: • alto • alta • altos • altas

6. Etapa 2Adjectives: Part I pp. 77-80 • The correct form of the adjective depends upon the noun it modifies. Is the noun masculine or feminine? Singular or plural? • librorojo .................. red book • plumaroja ............... red pen • librosrojos ............... red books • plumasrojas ............. red pens

7. Etapa 2Adjectives: Part I pp. 77-80 • Notice how the endings of these nouns and adjectives are similar. • librorojo • plumaroja • librosrojos • plumasrojas

8. Etapa 2Adjectives: Part I pp. 77-80 • Adjectives that end in -e also change form for singular or plural. To form the plural, simply add -s. • la chicainteligente • laschicasinteligentes

9. Etapa 2Adjectives: Part I pp. 77-80 • Adjectives that end in -e do not, however, change form for masculine or feminine. • la chicainteligente • el chicointeligente • laschicasinteligentes • los chicosinteligentes

10. Etapa 2Adjectives: Part I pp. 77-80 • Similarly, most adjectives that end in a consonant do change form for singular or plural, but do not change for masculine or feminine. To form the plural, add -es. • la chica popular • el chico popular • laschicaspopulares • los chicospopulares

11. Etapa 2Adjectives: Part I pp. 77-80 • Let’s review: • • Adjectives that end in -o have four forms: alto, alta, altos, altas • • Adjectives that end in -e have two forms: inteligente, inteligentes • • Most adjectives that end in a consonant have two forms: popular, populares (form plural by adding -es)

12. Etapa 2Adjectives: Part I pp. 77-80 Many adjectives of nationality end in -o. These adjectives follow the same rules as other adjectives ending in -o. That is, they have four forms. el muchachomexicano la muchachamexicana los muchachosmexicanos lasmuchachasmexicanas

13. Etapa 2Adjectives: Part I pp. 77-80 Many other adjectives of nationality end in a consonant. These adjectives do not follow the same rules as other adjectives ending in a consonant, rather, they have a distinct feminine form ending in -a. el muchachoespañol la muchachaespañola los muchachosespañoles lasmuchachasespañolas

14. Etapa 2Adjectives: Part I pp. 77-80 There is another group of adjectives that does not follow the normal rules. Adjectives ending in -or, -án, -ón, or -ín also have a feminine form. el chicohablador la chicahabladora los chicoshabladores laschicashabladoras el hombre trabajador la mujertrabajadora los hombres trabajadores lasmujerestrabajadoras NOTE: Adjectives ending in “-erior” do not have a feminine form.

15. Etapa 2Adjectives: Part I pp. 77-80 Adjectives that are descriptive usually follow the noun they describe. el chicoalto la chicaalta los librospequeños lasplumasrojas

16. Etapa 2Adjectives: Part I pp. 77-80 Adjectives of quantity almost always come before the noun. Such adjectives tell how much or how many. pocoslibros muchaenergía mucho trabajo pocascasas

17. Etapa 2Adjectives: Part I pp. 77-80 Sometimes, a descriptive adjective can precede the noun. If the adjective is descriptive, but speaks of a quality that is inherent and usually taken for granted, the adjective comes first. la blancanieve ......... the white snow (snow is inherently white) los altos picos ........... the tall peaks (peaks are inherently tall)

18. Tarea: Ejercicios A,B,C,D pp. 80-82 Ejercicios A,B,C pp. 82-83

19. Etapa 2Demonstrative Adjectives p. 84 • In the following sentences, the words in bold all function as adjectives, since they all describe the noun “book.” • Give me the red book. • Give me the big book. • Give me that book. • Give me this book. • Notice that adjectives answer the question “Which?” in relation to the nouns that they modify. • (Which book? The red book. The big book. That book. This book.)

20. Etapa 2Demonstrative Adjectives p. 84 As you have just seen, the words “this” and “that” can function as both adjectives Juan reads this book. (adjective) Juan lee estelibro. That statue is Greek Esaestatuaesgriega.

21. Etapa 2Demonstrative Adjectives p. 84 • Spanish has three words where English only has two. In English, we say “this” or “that” depending upon whether the object is close to us or not. • In Spanish, we also say “this” and “that,” but there is another, separate word used to mean “that one over there.” • This form is used when the object is more than just a short distance away, for example, on the other side of the room. • Here are the three forms for “this” “that” and “that one over there.” • este......................... this • ese.......................... that • aquel...................... that one over there

22. Etapa 2 p. 84 Demonstrative Adjectives have 4 forms: • estelibro(this book masc. sing.) • estoslibros(these books masc. pl.) • estapluma(this pen fem. sing.) • estasplumas(these pens fem. pl.) • eselibro(that book masc. sing.) • esoslibros(those books masc. pl.) • esapluma(that pen fem. sing.) • esasplumas(those pens fem. pl.) • aquellibro(that book over there masc. sing.) • aquelloslibros(those books over there masc. pl.) • aquellapluma(that pen over there fem. sing.) • aquellasplumas(those pens over there fem. pl.)

23. Tarea: • Ejercicios A,B pp. 84-85

24. Demonstrative pronouns p.86 • In the following sentences, the words in bold all function as pronouns, since they all take the place of a noun. • Maria is next; give her the ball. • Juan is here; say hello to him. • That pencil is yours; this is mine. • This book is mine; that is yours. • Notice that pronouns replace a noun. (“her” replaces “Maria” - “him” replaces “Juan” - “this” replaces “pencil” - “that” replaces “book”)

25. Here are the corresponding demonstrative pronouns: • éste (this one - masculine) • éstos (these ones - masculine) • ésta (this one - feminine) • éstas (these ones - feminine) • ése (that one - masculine) • ésos (those ones - masculine) • ésa (that one - feminine) • ésas (those ones - feminine) • aquél (that one over there - masc.) • aquéllos (those ones over there - masc.) • aquélla (that one over there - fem.) • aquéllas (those ones over there - fem.)

26. Demonstrative pronouns p. 86 • In Spanish, the only difference between demonstrative pronouns and demonstrative • adjectives is that demonstrative pronouns have a written accent. • In general, demonstrative pronouns no longer are accentuated, but the accent will be included in your textbook exercises and assessment to help differentiate them from the demonstrative adjectives.

27. Demontrative adjective vs. Demonstrative pronoun • Juan reads this book. (adjective) • Juan lee estelibro. • Juan reads this. (pronoun) • Juan lee éste. • That statueis Greek • Esaestatuaesgriega. • That is American • Ésaesamericana.

28. Demontrative adjective vs. Demonstrative pronoun • Remember, the demonstrative pronouns are the same as the demonstrative adjectives, except that the pronouns have a written accent. • this • este (adjective) • éste (pronoun) • that • ese (adjective) • ése (pronoun) • that one over there • aquel (adjective) • aquél (pronoun)

29. Tarea: • Ejercicios A,B,C,D pp. 87-88