Think about… 29.1 Recombinant DNA technology 29.2 D NA fingerprinting 29.3 Human Genome Project

2. Think about… 29.1 Recombinant DNA technology 29.2 DNA fingerprinting 29.3 Human Genome Project Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept map

3. DNA used in victim identification Victims of disasters can be identified by their fingerprints, dental information or birthmarks.

4. DNA used in victim identification These methods may not work when the remains are incomplete.  

5. DNA used in victim identification Identification may be done by matching the DNA. reference DNA DNA of the remains

6. DNA used in victim identification Identification may be done by matching the DNA. reference DNA DNA of the remains

7. DNA used in victim identification from personal items reference DNA from family members

8. 1 Why can DNA be used in identifying a person

9. 2 Why can DNA be obtained from personal items

10. 3 Why can DNA samples from family members serve as reference in victim identification

11. 29.1 Recombinant DNA technology Applied genetics is about how the knowledge of genetics can be used for the good of society.

12. 29.1 Recombinant DNA technology advances in biotechnology (生物工程) recombinant DNA technology (重組DNA 技術) What is it?

13. 29.1 Recombinant DNA technology • techniques that a fragment of DNA from a donor cell or organism is isolated and inserted into the DNA of another cell or organism

14. 29.1 Recombinant DNA technology • can modify the characteristics of an organism more quickly and precisely • allows transfer of new characteristics to organisms of different species

15. 29.1 Recombinant DNA technology recombinant DNA technology (重組DNA 技術) genetic engineering (遺傳工程)

16. 29.1 Recombinant DNA technology genetic engineering (遺傳工程) • changing of the genetic make-up of an organism by direct manipulation of genes or DNA

17. 29.1 Recombinant DNA technology How does recombinant DNA technology work? There are three steps.

18. 29.1 Recombinant DNA technology Obtain DNA fragments containing the gene of interest donor cell DNA containing gene of interest gene of interest

19. 29.1 Recombinant DNA technology Cut DNA fragments and plasmids with a specific enzyme bacterium • a small ring of extrachromosomal DNA in bacteria • used as a vector (載體) plasmid (質粒)

20. 29.1 Recombinant DNA technology Cut DNA fragments and plasmids with a specific enzyme enzymes gene of interest plasmid (質粒)

21. 29.1 Recombinant DNA technology Join the gene of interest and plasmid together using an enzyme gene of interest plasmid (質粒)

22. 29.1 Recombinant DNA technology Animation Join the gene of interest and plasmid together using an enzyme recombinant DNA (重組DNA) / recombinant plasmid (重組質粒)

23. 29.1 Recombinant DNA technology Join the gene of interest and plasmid together using an enzyme introduce it into a host cell (宿主細胞) for replication and expression

24. 29.1 Recombinant DNA technology 4 Select the organisms that have acquired the gene of interest Antibiotic resistance tests: The bacteria in the culture on the left are susceptible to the antibiotics contained in the white paper discs. The bacteria in the culture on the right are resistant to most of the antibiotics

25. 29.1 Recombinant DNA technology What are the applications of recombinant DNA technology? Genetically modified organism (GMO) (基因改造生物) • an organism whose genetic make-up has been changed in a way that does not occur naturally by mating

26. 29.1 Recombinant DNA technology What are the applications of recombinant DNA technology? Genetically modified food (GM food) (基因改造食物) • food made from GMOs or their components

27. 29.1 Recombinant DNA technology 1 Medicine • to produce pharmaceutical products insulin production site GM bacteria recombinant human insulin

28. 29.1 Recombinant DNA technology 1 Medicine • gene therapy (基因治療) vectors with a normal gene cell with a defective gene

29. 29.1 Recombinant DNA technology 2 Agriculture and food production • to improve productivity and quality of farm animals and crops non-GM salmon GM salmon that grow faster

30. 29.1 Recombinant DNA technology 2 Agriculture and food production • to improve productivity and quality of farm animals and crops GM soybean plants resistant to herbicides

31. 29.1 Recombinant DNA technology 2 Agriculture and food production • to improve productivity and quality of farm animals and crops GM tomatoes that have longer shelf life

32. 29.1 Recombinant DNA technology 2 Agriculture and food production • to improve productivity and quality of farm animals and crops GM rice that has more vitamin

33. 29.1 Recombinant DNA technology 3 Chemical industries • to produce GM microorganisms that can produce the following more efficiently: enzymes amino acids polysaccharides

34. 29.1 Recombinant DNA technology 4 Environmental protection • to produce GM bacteria that can break down oil spills more efficiently

35. 29.1 Recombinant DNA technology 5 Ore mining • to produce GM bacteria that can extract metals more efficiently from ores

36. 29.1 Recombinant DNA technology 1 is the DNA that results from the combination of DNA fragments from two different cells or organisms. Recombinant DNA

37. 29.1 Recombinant DNA technology 2refers to the techniques that a fragment of DNA from a donor cell or organism is isolated and inserted into the DNA of another cell or organism. Recombinant DNA technology

38. 29.1 Recombinant DNA technology 3 Major steps in recombinant DNA technology: a Obtain DNA fragments containing the from donor cells through proper processes. gene of interest

39. 29.1 Recombinant DNA technology 4 Major steps in recombinant DNA technology: b Cut the DNA containing the gene of interest with a specific . Cut open a plasmid using the same . enzyme enzyme

40. 29.1 Recombinant DNA technology 4 Major steps in recombinant DNA technology: c Join the and the together with the help of another enzyme. D _____ the organisms that acquire the gene of interest gene of interest plasmid select

41. 29.1 Recombinant DNA technology 4 Applications of recombinant DNA technology: a To produce products and for in medicine. pharmaceutical gene therapy

42. 29.1 Recombinant DNA technology 4 Applications of recombinant DNA technology: b To improve the and of farm animals and crops in agriculture. productivity quality

43. 29.1 Recombinant DNA technology 4 Applications of recombinant DNA technology: c To produce in food production. genetically modified food

44. 29.1 Recombinant DNA technology 4 Applications of recombinant DNA technology: d To produce that can produce enzymes, amino acids or polysaccharides more efficiently. genetically modified organisms

45. 29.1 Recombinant DNA technology 4 Applications of recombinant DNA technology: e To produce genetically modified organisms that can break down more efficiently. oil spills

46. 29.1 Recombinant DNA technology 4 Applications of recombinant DNA technology: f To produce genetically modified organisms that can extract more efficiently from ores. metals

47. 29.2 DNA fingerprinting • techniques involved in the use of DNA analyses to identify individuals How do scientists produce DNA fingerprints?

48. 29.2 DNA fingerprinting Extract DNA DNA cells in blood

49. 29.2 DNA fingerprinting Obtain DNA fragments containing the highly variable regions size varies among individuals

50. 29.2 DNA fingerprinting Separate DNA fragments according to their size gel electrophoresis (凝膠電泳)