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Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

Fluid and Electrolyte Balance. Electrolytes. Electrolytes (sodium, potassium, chloride) help keep fluids in the proper compartments Intracellular water Extracellular water. Electrolytes. Enable nerves to respond Signal muscles to contract. Primary electrolytes-major minerals.

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Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

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  1. Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

  2. Electrolytes • Electrolytes (sodium, potassium, chloride) help keep fluids in the proper compartments • Intracellular water • Extracellular water

  3. Electrolytes • Enable nerves to respond • Signal muscles to contract

  4. Primary electrolytes-major minerals • More than 0.1 grams (or 100 mg) required per day in the diet • These include: • Sodium • Potassium • Chloride • Phosphorus

  5. Sodium: + ion of table salt (NaCl) • No known human diet lacks sodium • Minimum requirement about 500 mg/day • estimated safe and adequate Daily intake • Average intake in US for men = 3300 mg/day(equal to 8 grams of salt/day) • AI = 1500 mg/day • <2400 mg/day most common rec.

  6. Sodium Functions Scientific Method Google Image Result for www.cat.cc.md.us/courses/bio141/lecguide/unit1/eustruct/images/sppump.gif • Fluid balance • Blood pressure • Acid-base balance • Nerve transmission • Active transport mechanism

  7. Hypertension • Definition • Diastolic Blood Pressure • > 90 mm Hg • Systolic Blood Pressure • >140 mm Hg • Desirable < 120/80

  8. Hypertension and Disease • Stroke • 2/3rds with first stroke have HTN • 7 times more likely than normal • Coronary heart disease • 1/2 with first MI have HTN • 3 times more likely than normal • End-stage Renal Failure • Blindness

  9. Blood Pressure

  10. Risk Factors • Age • Ethnicity • Family History • Obesity

  11. Diet and Hypertension • Weight Loss • Moderate weight loss • Regular exercise

  12. Diet and Hypertension • Alcohol • < 1-2 servings per day • >2 servings increases risk of HTN • Potassium • fruits and vegetables • Fish Oils • Calcium • Calcium, Linus Pauling Institute's Micronutrient Information Center

  13. The DASH Diet • Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension • Diet rich in • fruit • vegetable • grain products • Low/non fat dairy, fish and meats

  14. DASH-Na Conclusions • DASH diet lowers BP • Sodium reduction lowers BP • Combination of DASH and Na reduction effects greater than separately • DASH+low-Na reduced Systolic BP by: • 11.5mm Hg in HTN subjects • 7.1 mm Hg in borderline HTN subjects

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