HIV/AIDS and Contemporary Population Dynamics

1. HIV/AIDS and Contemporary Population Dynamics A lesson plan from “Making Population Real” by the Population Reference Bureau Supported by the World Population Fund of the Minneapolis Foundation

2. Today’s Agenda • Introduce objectives and teaching standards • Provide a brief global overview on HIV/AIDS • Construct chloropleth maps of AIDS rates by U.S. states • Discuss the patterns revealed • Introduce Making Population Real and PRB

3. Making Population Real - Module 4:HIV/AIDS and Population

4. Objectives • To describe the spread and occurrence of HIV/AIDS at multiple scales • To explain global and regional variations in occurrence of HIV/AIDS • To understand the spread of HIV/AIDS in the United States

5. Teaching Standards AP Geography Standard Addressed Unit II– Population Unit B. Population growth and decline over time and space 3. Patterns of fertility, mortality, and health AP and the Advanced Placement Program are registered trademarks of the College Entrance Examination Board which was not involved in the production of these lesson plans

6. HIV-AIDS Weakens the Immune System Opportunistic infections: • Pneumonia • Meningitis • Some cancers • Tuberculosis (TB) • Other parasitic, viral and fungal infections that weaken the immune system

7. Global Estimates – HIV/AIDS • People now living with HIV 40 million • New HIV infections in 2005 4.9 million • AIDS deaths up to 2005 25 million

8. Growth of the AIDS Epidemic People With HIV/AIDS, Cumulative Regional Totals Millions *Western and Central Europe & North America. Source: UNAIDS/WHO, 2004.

9. Poverty and HIV-AIDS • Inadequate access to accurate information or prevention services • Seeing no alternative besides sex work, for some women • Labor migration – leads to increased vulnerability and spread of HIV • Once infected, inadequate access to health care and treatment • Vicious cycle of poverty, such as children orphaned because of AIDS

10. What is a Choropleth Map?(Area Value Map) • Reveals patterns in data by showing the distribution of a factor in selected area • For example, the map on the next slide compares the prevalence of AIDS in nations worldwide

11. Adults Ages 15-49 w/ HIV 15.01% - 34.0% 5.01% - 15.0% 1.01% - 5.0% 0.51% - 1.0% 0.0% - 0.5% Not available Map of HIV Prevalence Worldwide 2005 Source: UNAIDS, 2006 Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic, 2006.

12. Looking at the U.S. States Are AIDS cases distributed evenly throughout the United States? Assignment: • Construct a choropleth map of the rate per 100,000 of AIDS by state for 2002

13. Create a Choropleth Map of AIDS Distribution by State Determine the range of data… • Examine the data to be mapped • Omit DC since it’s not a state and so became outlier • Find the highest and lowest values for the data (see column 5 on data table) High = New York: 34.8/100,000 Low = North Dakota: 0.5/100,000 • Subtract these two numbers to calculate the range of the data. 34.8 - 0.5 = 34.3 is range

14. AIDS Distribution by State

15. Create a Choropleth Map of AIDS Distribution by State • Divide the range by the number of mapping categories you plan to use (typically 3 to 5) • Adjust the limits to avoid fractions 34.3 / 5 = 6.86 OR 35 / 5 = 7 • Assign a color to each category • We have five categories: 0-7.9, 8-14.9, 15-22.9, 23-30.9, & 31-37 • Complete the map key (Assign a color to each range) • Sort the data (states) by category • Follow the key to shade each area according to the data values being mapped

16. Create a Choropleth Map of AIDS Distribution by State • What patterns do the maps reveal? • What causes these patterns?

17. What did we cover? • During the session, we explored the spread and occurrence of HIV/AIDS: • At the global scale • At the national scale • Group mapping activity: United States (From Activity 2) • By gender and age (Ex: graph of South Africa) • Demonstrates patterns of population growth and decline over time and space

18. Making Population Real – Lesson Plan 4:HIV/AIDS and Contemporary Population Dynamics Activities: • HIV/AIDS–A Scourge of the Land • Investigate regional AIDS data (online research) • Patterns of HIV/AIDS in the United States • Graph changes in cause-of-death data • Graph changes in death rate due to AIDS • Create choropleth (shaded area) maps of state AIDS rates

19. Making Population Real Lesson Plans • Population Fundamentals – Building a Foundation • Populations in the Path of Natural Hazards • The Demographic Transition – A Contemporary Look at a Classic Model • HIV/AIDS and Contemporary Population Dynamics • Population Policy – Progress Since Cairo • People on the Move • Global Migration Patterns

20. About Making Population Real • Free, on-line curricula utilize up-to-date real-world data and articles from a variety of web-based resources: • United Nations (UNICEF, UNHCR, WHO, etc.) • U.S. Census Bureau • National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration • PRB research and publications • Lead author Martha B. Sharma, a teacher • Recipient of the 2006 Geographic Excellence in Media Award from National Council for Geographic Education www.prb.org/educators

21. Population Reference Bureau • Informs people around the world about population, health, and the environment, and empowers them to use that information to advance the well-being of current and future generations. • Analyzes demographic data and research to provide objective, accurate, and up-to-date population information in a format that is easily understood by educators, journalists, and decision makers alike.