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Personality and Recognition: States as the key players in international law. ‘A subject of the law is an entity capable of possessing international rights and duties and having the capacity to maintain its rights by bringing international claims’ legal personality
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Personality and Recognition: States as the key players in international law • ‘A subject of the law is an entity capable of possessing international rights and duties and having the capacity to maintain its rights by bringing international claims’ • legal personality • accepted list: states, international organizations, agencies of states, political entities similar to states, internationalized territories, UN admin of territory prior to independence
Other examples of personality? • non-self-governing people • national liberation movements • states in statu nascendi • belligerent and insurgent communities • entities sui generis (Holy See) • individuals • corporations • personality for particular purposes
States • Montevideo Convention on Rights and Duties of States 1933: • permanent population • defined territory • government (effective? self-determination?) • capacity to enter relations with other states (independence)
Related Categories • dependent states: foreign control under a title of international law, or by consent • federations • associations of states • emergent states • illegal occupation (ex injuria non oritur jus) Article 4 of the UN Charter
Other Important Concepts regarding states • continuity – general rule about changes in government • identity • succession (new international legal personality) • recognition (de facto; de jure), role of community, contested concept – declaratory and constitutive views, a matter of intention, duty to recognize?
International Court of Justice • PCIJ successor • 15 members • jurisdiction: articles 36 and 65 • integral part of the UN Charter