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So What is a Stock Market?

So What is a Stock Market?. The DOW demystified. Remember: A stock market is a “store” that sells business. You can buy ownership of businesses when you buy SHARES of stock. Companies decide on how many pieces (shares) of the company they want to sell. There are THREE ways stock have VALUE.

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So What is a Stock Market?

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  1. So What is a Stock Market? The DOW demystified

  2. Remember: A stock market is a “store” that sells business. • You can buy ownership of businesses when you buy SHARES of stock. • Companies decide on how many pieces (shares) of the company they want to sell.

  3. There are THREE ways stock have VALUE • Create DEMAND for the stock. • What happens to price when demand goes up?

  4. The THREE Ways stock have value • Keep the SUPPLY of stock low. • What happens when there is more demand than supply? • BERKSHIRE HATHWAY

  5. The Third Way that Stocks have value • The FUNDAMENTALS.

  6. The Major Markets in the US • NYSE

  7. The Major Markets in the US • NASDAQ

  8. (kinda) stock market • American Stock Exchange AMEX

  9. Chicago Commodities Market • Commodities: The raw materials of the earth being traded. • Cocoa – not Hershey’s

  10. What is the DOW? • Dow Jones finished up 35 points to close at 10,000. • But what does that mean???

  11. The DOW • The Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJI), commonly just referred to as "The Dow", is an average of the price of 30 stocks. • The stocks represent 30 of the largest and most widely traded stocks in the United States.

  12. What stocks are on the DOW? • 3M, Alcoa, American Express, AT&T, Boeing, Caterpillar, Citigroup, Coca-Cola, E.I. DuPont de Nemours, Eastman Kodak, Exxon Mobil, General Electric, General Motors, Hewlett-Packard, Home Depot, Honeywell, Intel, IBM, International Paper

  13. AND … • J.P. Morgan Chase, Johnson & Johnson, McDonald's, Merck & Co., Microsoft, Philip Morris, Procter & Gamble, SBC Communications, United Technologies, Wal-Mart, and Walt Disney.

  14. The DOW • The Dow Jones Industrial Average is computed by taking the average price of the 30 stocks and dividing that figure by a number called the divisor.

  15. The DOW Divisor • If the price of International Paper increases by two points, the DJI would increase by 13.7 points assuming none of the other stock values changed (13.7 = 2 / 0.14585278). • Because of the formula used by the Dow a one point increase or decrease by any stock will have the same affect, which is not the case for all indices.

  16. The DOW • So the Dow Jones number you hear in the news each night is simply this weighted average of stock prices. Because of this, the Dow Jones Industrial Average should just be considered a price in itself.

  17. The DOW • So when you hear that the Dow Jones went up 35 points, it just means that to buy these stocks (taking into account the divisor) at 4:00pm today (the closing time of the market) it would have cost 35 more dollars than it would have cost to buy the stocks the day before at the same time.

  18. The History of the DOW JONES • It was created in 1896 by Mr. Dow and Mr. Jones using 16 common stocks.

  19. The First Dow Jones Companies • American Cotton Oil Company, a predecessor of Bestfoods, now part of Unilever • American Sugar Company, now Amstar Holdings • American Tobacco Company, broken up in 1911 • Chicago Gas Company, bought by Peoples Gas Light & Coke Co. in 1897 (now Peoples Energy Corporation) • Distilling & Cattle Feeding Company, now Millennium Chemicals, a division of Lyondell Chemical Company

  20. The First DOW JONES • Laclede Gas Light Company, still in operation as The Laclede Group • National Lead Company, now NL Industries • North American Company, (Edison) electric company broken up in the 1950s • Tennessee Coal, Iron and Railroad Company, bought by U.S. Steel in 1907 • U.S. Leather Company, dissolved 1952 • United States Rubber Company, changed its name to Uniroyal in 1967, bought by Michelin in 1990

  21. QUICK QUIZ! • The Dow Jones measures the performance of which stock market? • NYSE

  22. Historic LOWS of the DOW • A CRASH is a sudden dramatic decline of stock prices across a cross-section of the market. • Often panic-driven • Speculative stock market bubble?

  23. Historic Lows of the DOW • Crash of 1929 • Followed by the crash of 1930 • Followed by the crash of 1931 • Followed by the crash of 1932

  24. Historic Lows of the Stock Market • 1987 ( Black Monday)

  25. Dot.com crash 2000-01 • People were • Speculating instead of investing • Borrowing money to invest in the stock market • 9/11 happened too • PANIC!!!!

  26. Think of the historic crashes as percentage losses of value • 1929 – • Average investment lost 63.9% value • 1987 – • 22.3% loss in value of investments

  27. Since July 2008 • Average portfolio (list of stocks) lost 40%

  28. So ….. • What’s going to happen? • Is it a good time to invest in the market?

  29. Terms to KNOW: • BULL MARKET • Prolonged period where the price of stock is rising • BEAR MARKET • Investment prices are falling and there is general pessimism.

  30. Bubbles • Wave of public enthusiasm causes an exaggerated bull market. • Stock prices rise dramatically • TEND to be OVERVALUED!

  31. Bubbles • At some point – • REALITY HITS • BUBBLE BURSTS • CRASH HAPPENS

  32. NOTE: Some other Indexes • NYSE Composite • Made of 1750 common stocks listed on the exchange.

  33. NASDAQ Composite • Comprised of common stocks organized as industry, bank, insurance, financial institutions, transportation and utilities.

  34. Standard and Poor’s OTC • 250 companies averaged. Price weighted and minute by minute. • OTC= Over the Counter • Small companies

  35. The S & P 500 • Includes 400 industrials, 20 transportation and 40 public utilities.

  36. The Wilshire 5000 Index • Broadest index available. All stocks for which daily quotations are available.

  37. What do indexes do? • Market indicators? • Can tell the future trends?

  38. Strategies for the game: • Warren Buffett’s advice: “Buy what you know.” • Look at the business websites, magazines. • Monkey Method

  39. Points to REMEMBER! • The stock market is driven by supply and demand. • The number of shares of stock dictates the supply • The number of shares that investors want to buy dictates the demand.  • It's important to understand that for every share that is purchased, there is someone on the other end selling that share (or vice versa). 

  40. With Supply and Demand and the Market • MMore demand than supply – the market indexes go UP. • MMore supply than demand – the market index goes DOWN.

  41. Stocks have two types of valuations • OOne is a value created using some type of cash flow, sales or fundamental earnings analysis.

  42. The Fundamental Way to Invest • TThis is the valuation that people use to justify stock prices.  • TThe most common example of this type of valuation methodology is P/E ratio, which stands for Price to Earnings Ratio. 

  43. This form of valuation is based on historic ratios and statistics and aims to assign value to a stock based on measurable attributes.  This form of valuation is typically what drives long-term stock prices.

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