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Chapter 14

Chapter 14. Elements of Chemistry. Physical property: (pg. 348). Any physical attribute of a substance, such as color, density, or hardness. Physical change: (pg. 348). A change in which a substance changes one or more of its physical properties without transforming into a new substance.

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Chapter 14

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  1. Chapter 14 Elements of Chemistry

  2. Physical property: (pg. 348) • Any physical attribute of a substance, such as color, density, or hardness.

  3. Physical change: (pg. 348) • A change in which a substance changes one or more of its physical properties without transforming into a new substance.

  4. Chemical property: (pg. 348) • A property that characterizes the ability of a substance to undergo a change that transforms it into a different substance.

  5. Chemical change: (pg. 348) • A change in which the atoms of one or more substances are rearranged into one or more new substances.

  6. (pg. 345)

  7. Chemical reaction: (pg. 348) • Synonymous with chemical change.

  8. Elemental formula : (pg. 348) • A notation that uses the atomic symbol and (sometimes) a numerical subscript to denote how atoms of the element are bonded together.

  9. Elements: (pg. 345) • Element is used in reference to an entire macroscopic or microscopic sample, and atom is used when speaking of the submicroscopic particles in the sample. • The important distinction is that elements are made of atoms and not the other way around.

  10. (pg. 345) • The fundamental unit of an element is indicated by its elemental formula. • For elements in which the fundamental units are individual atoms, the elemental formula is simply the chemical symbol.

  11. Examples: (pg. 345) • Au is the elemental formula for gold. • Li is the elemental formula for lithium, to name just two examples. • N2 is the usual elemental formula given for nitrogen. • O2 is the elemental formula for the oxygen we breathe. • S8 is the elemental formula for sulfur.

  12. Compound: (pg. 346) • When atoms of different elements bond to one another, they make a compound.

  13. Examples: (pg. 346) • Sodium atoms and Chlorine atoms bond to make the Compound sodium Chloride. Commonly known as table salt. • Nitrogen atoms and Hydrogen atoms join to make the Compound Ammonia. • Which is a common household cleaner.

  14. Chemical Formula: (pg. 346) • A compound is represented by its chemical formula, in which the symbols for the elements are written together.

  15. Examples: (pg. 346) • The chemical formula for sodium chloride is NaCl.

  16. Examples: (pg. 346) • The formula for Ammonia is NH3. • Numerical subscripts indicate the ratio in which the atoms combine.

  17. Examples: (pg. 347) • The formula for Hydrogen Chloride is HCL. • The formula for Lithium Oxide is Li2O. • The formula for Calcium Fluoride is CaF2. • The formula for Magnesium Oxide is MgO. • The formula for Sulfur Dioxide is SO2. • The formula for Sulfur Trioxide is SO3.

  18. End of the Chapter

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