Unit 2 Review

1. Unit 2 Review

2. Common and Proper Nouns • A common noun names any person, place, or thing. Common nouns: these birds live in cold places. • Proper nouns begin with capital letters. The names of days, months, holidays, historical periods, and special events are proper nouns. Ex) colonial America, thanksgiving, president Adams. Proper nouns: it is cold in Antarctica in July.

3. Singular Possessive Nouns • To show that one person, animal, or thing owns something, use a singular possessive noun. • Add an apostrophe (’) and the letter s to a singular noun to make it possessive. • Singular Noun: The bear slept all day. • Singular Possessive Noun: The hare did not like the bear’s laziness.

4. Plural Possessive Nouns • To show that two or more people share or own something, use a plural possessive noun. • Add an apostrophe (’) to plural nouns that end in -s, -es, or -ies to make them possessive. Ex.)The birds’ nests are are full of eggs. • To make plural nouns that do not end in -s, -es, or -ies possessive, add an apostrophe and an s. Ex.)men: men’s boots oxen: oxen’s strength

5. Syllable Patterns V/CV, VC/V • When a vowel is LONG (like “a” in paper), it stands alone. Divide after the vowel (pa/per). • When a vowel is SHORT it must have a consonant behind it (the word finish has an “i” that makes a short vowel sound…fin/ish).

6. Final Syllable -le • When a word ends with final syllable –le, you must include the consonant before the –le when you divide. • Ta[ble • Can[dle • Bub[ble

7. Compound Words • Compound Words are 2 words joined together to make 1 new word. • Code by drawing a box around each word that makes up the new word. • Rail+road=railroad • Butter+fly=butterfly • Camp+ground=campground

8. Consonant Blends • Consonant blends are when 2 or more consonants work together to create the sound. • STRaw • THRow • SPLash • SQUid • Code these words by underlining the blend.

9. Consonant Digraphs • When 2 or more consonants make 1 sound, they are Consonant Digraphs. • Listen for sounds…NOT SPELLINGS!! • sh, th, wh, ph, ch, tch, or ng. • Ship, throw, what, phone, watch, sing • Ch can make a sound like /k/, /sh/ or /ch/. School, chef and chief.

10. Synonyms & Antonyms • Synonyms mean SAME: hot, warm, toasty, steaming • Antonyms mean OPPOSITE: hot – cold toasty - frigid warm – cool dark – bright

11. Unfamiliar Words • Use CONTEXT CLUES to determine the meaning of words you do not know. • Read the sentences before and after the word to determine the meaning. • Look for clues that you do know. • Does it make sense if you replace it with a synonym?

12. Main Idea & Details • The TOPIC is what the author is talking about. Usually the word is repeated over and over again. (Space) • The DETAILS are facts or examples about the topic. (statements about constellations, planets, comets, etc.) • The MAIN IDEA is what all the FACTS are telling you about the topic. (There are many interesting things in space to explore.) • The Main IDEA is usually stated in the topic sentence or in the Conclusion of the selection.

13. Compare & Contrast • Compare – How 2 things are alike or different. • Alike – same, similar, similarity, not different. • Different – differ, not similar • Use a VENN diagram.

14. Drawing Conclusions • What you know + What you read = Decision about topic • Background knowledge (not written in text) + text clues or statements (written in text) = Conclusion • Ex: The girl riding a bike uphill. We know its difficult to pedal uphill + she is standing up and working hard= Riding a bike uphill is more work than riding downhill.

15. Author’s Purpose • PIE – Persuade, Inform, Entertain • Persuade- Ex.) You should try…, This is how people should…, It is the only way to…, Everyone needs to… • Inform – Ex.) Facts, non-fiction writing, data, statistics, how to make something or do something. • Entertain-There will be characters, setting, problem, solution.