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Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis. Ivan Štironja Mentor: A. Žmegač Horvat. John Henry Doc Holliday René Laënnec Immanuel Kant Florence Nightingale. Honoré de Balzac Alber Camus Franz Kafka Voltaire Frederic Chopin Niccolò Paganini Alexander Graham Bell.

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Tuberculosis

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  1. Tuberculosis Ivan Štironja Mentor: A. Žmegač Horvat

  2. John Henry Doc Holliday René Laënnec Immanuel Kant Florence Nightingale • Honoré de Balzac • Alber Camus • Franz Kafka • Voltaire • Frederic Chopin • Niccolò Paganini • Alexander Graham Bell "Captain among these Men of Death" (John Bunyon 1660)White DeathWhite PlagueConsumptionTuberculosis...

  3. Mycobacterium tuberculosis Gram positive, obligate aeorobe,facultative intracellular pathogens Slow-growing- generation time 12-18 hours Hydrophobic with high lipid content in cell wall "acid-fast bacilli“ transmission primarily by aerosol route but also through gastrointestinal tract

  4. MDR-TB (Multi-drug resistanttuberculosis): bacteria resistant to isoniazid and rifampicin • HIV/AIDS

  5. granulomatous inflammatory disease caused by mycobacteria, usually attacks the lungs (pulmonary tuberculosis – 75%), but can also affect: • CNS • lymphatic system • circulatory system • genitourinary system • gastrointestinal system • bones (Pott’s disease) and skin • tubercle (Lat. tuber-knot) – granuloma made of macrophages, T-lymphocytes , B-lymphocytes and fibroblasts surrounding the central caseous necrosis

  6. Symptoms • chronic cough • blood-tinged sputum • fever • night sweats • weight loss • weakness or fatigue

  7. Diagnosis • identification of the causative organism in a clinical sample (sputum) • PPD test (Mantoux tuberculin test) • X-rays

  8. Treatment • BCG vaccination (Baccillus Calmette-Guérin) • first-line anti-TB drugs: isoniazid, rifampicin, streptomycin, ethambutol, pyrazinamide • second-line anti-TB drugs: rifabutin, ethionamhide • long-term treatment

  9. World TB day - March 24 • 15 billion US$

  10. References • Patologija, Damjanov, Jukić, Nola, Med. naklada, Zagreb,2008. • Medicinska bakteriologija i mikologija, Kalenić, Mlinarić-Missoni i sur., Zagreb, 2005. • internet

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