A Comparative view on H igher E ducation in I ndonesia

1. A Comparative view onHigher Education in Indonesia Supra Wimbarti (Universitas Gadjah Mada) Intan Ahmad (Bandung Institute of Technology)

2. Indonesia Bandung Yogyakarta http://thebodegablog.files.wordpress.com/2009/12/asean-map.gif

3. Distribution of Higher Education Institutions 4.486 12.985 2.633 2.266 3.550 5.543 1.685 1.038 4.393 1.035 4.846 761 3.089 2.202 4.393 3.626 7.446 2.231 2.851 1.713 7.596 8.033 9.588 1.531 32.380 10.644 43.021 37.476 3.891 3.452 Legend: 4.679 4.496 Higher Education Institutions 3.016 Population (1000) 237.348 Source: pdpt.dikti.go.id, 2011

4. Distribution of Students 4.486 12.985 2.633 2.266 3.550 5.543 1.685 1.038 4.393 1.035 4.846 761 3.089 2.202 4.393 3.626 7.446 2.231 2.851 1.713 7.596 8.033 9.588 1.531 32.380 10.644 43.021 37.476 3.891 3.452 Legend: 4.679 4.496 Students (1000) 4.273 237.348 Population (1000) Source: pdpt.dikti.go.id, 2011

5. Early Development of Indonesian Higher Education System • Started at the turn of the 20th Century, with circa 200 students • Development started after independence • Education Law 1961 : 23 HE • Significant expansion 1970’s • 1975: 230,000 students • 1985: 1,100,000 students • 1995: 2,500,000 students • 2001: 3.4 million students • 2009: 4.6 million students • (GER improve from 2% in 1975 to ~18.3% in 2009) • Number of HEI (2011): • Public : 88 • Private :3,015 Source:Dikti

6. Gross Enrollment Rate of Higher Education 18.36% 17.75% 16.91% 15.26% *) Population Census, 2010

7. Real Challenge: Education Attaintment of Indonesian Labor Forces Source: Dikti

8. Providing Large Scale Scholarship for the Poors Aiming at 20% Student Population Body from Q1 and Q2 Source: WB, 2010

9. The Roles of Higher Education Research & Development Interaction withIndustry & Society Teaching &Learning Publication Source: Dikti

10. General Framework of HE Development R&D & National innovation Competitive human resource Human Resourceand regional R&D needs Human resource development at local level University mission is developed to match sustained sector development,local resources, and capacity of the institution DPT, 2011

11. Grooming Research Universities and Developing Community Colleges DPT, 2011

12. HEIs in Indonesia • Higher education is an extension of secondary education which consists of : 1. Academic education which focuses on the mastery of knowledge (BS, MS, Dr.) and 2. Appliededucation (Diploma 1-4; S2 and S3 applied) which focuses on preparing the graduates to apply their expertise. 3. Professional education (professional & specialist) which prepares graduates to be professionals (doctors, psychologists, etc).

13. S3 S2 D IV/ S1(Applied) S1 D III D II D I Indonesian Qualification Framework IQF S3(Applied) 9 S2(Applied) 8 Profesional 7 6 5 4 3 Vocational High School (3) General High School (3) 2 1 9 Year Basic Education (6+3) Early Childhood Education (1-2) Carrer Development

14. Resource sharing • Sharing of staff resource: • detasering program • Distance lecturing/learning • Sharing of information: • INHERENT: management, education, research through ICT; video tele conference • Garuda.dikti.go.id: joint repository of publications • Indonesian citation index: joint indexing of articles • Sharing of facilities: • Shared use of laboratory facilities

15. Improving Connectivity of Indonesian Higher Education and Research Network (INHERENT)

16. INHERENT • National ICT backbone for Indonesian higher education institutions • Improve quality of and access to Indonesian HE • Intensive development since 2006, aimed at: • ICT for research, education, and univ management • Resource sharing of research, education and academic community • Innovative ICT application development • Improve access and quality of HE • Designed as a scale free intra-network • End of 2007 bridged to the Global Development Learning Network to become the largest in country GDLN in the world

17. Internationalization of HE • 2000’s: Internationalization of HE • Emergence of Bilingual programs • Internationalization of curriculum • International quality standard • Joint programs (institutional partnership/ collaboration) • Government scholarships to study abroad • University & DGHE programs for internationalization: promote academic collaboration  joint program, twinning/double degree program

18. Providing Large Scale Program for Upgrading Qualification of University Lecturers Nizam, 2011

19. Stimulating Research & Community Services • Research grants • Community Services • IPR: support for patent applications • Publications: • accreditation & improvement of scientific journals • Development of national on-line journals • Nation-wide e-journal subscribtion • Student Activity Programs • Entrepreneurship • Soft skills development • Education for Sustainable Development

20. Competitive-Based Funding (CBF) • Problem: disparity in quality of higher education institutions in Indonesia ( ~ 3000 universities) • Improve the Quality through Competitive Based Funding (CBF), started in 1996 • Based on the proposal: granting an opportunity to the unit of the university to develop its own plan to improve the quality, implement the plan, and be responsible as well as accountable for that.

21. Quality Assurance • Quality Assurance System • External: National Accreditation Board est. in 1997 • Compulsory for study program accreditation • Institutional accreditationsince 2008 • Internal: mandatory Internal Quality Assurance System • Indonesia Qualification Framework • Entry to HE: past 12 year elementary & high school • Dual track system: Academic & Vocational tracks • S1 (BA): 4 year (140-150 Sem. Credit units) • S2 (MS): 2 year (40-50 Sem. Credit Units) • S3 (Dr): 3 year research • Diploma I, II, III, IV, Specialists

22. Vielen DankThank youTerimakasih