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Structure (really important!). Counter argument
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1. How do you write a successful argument essay? Work in small groups to agree success criteria and tips for A* essay.
3. Persuasive techniques Rule of three
Statistics
Imagery
Rhetorical questions – avoid overuse
Repetition
Emotive language
Hyperbole
Dressing fact as opinion
The most important thing is to use a full range
4. Figurative techniques Simile
Metaphor
Personification
Helps reader to relate and visualise
Can be emotive
Adds personal
Links
Not too flowery or poetic
Don’t go OTT
5. Research Cite your sources – use footnotes/endnotes and a bibliography
Expert opinion from credible sources, cross-reference
Check different angles (beware bias)
Current
Useful quotations from philosophers, historical figures (especially in intro. and conc.)
Link to general broader issues, too
Build a strong evidence bank
If possible, think about things from a social, historical, economic, political and cultural point of view
6. Phrasing According to ...
Be fair and balanced
This implies...
It is possible to infer from this...
Elaborate and expand
Be confident, e.g. this will... (but be careful here)
The majority of people would also feel...
The scientific community has shown that...
7. Connectives However
Moreover
Furthermore
In addition
Avoid too much firstly, secondly, thirdly
Following on
Contrasting this
Similarly
Significantly,
Interestingly,
Strikingly,
Adverbs that give across personal opinion in one word (intriguingly, unusually, compellingly, strangely, disturbingly, etc)
8. Vocabulary Suggests
Implies
Insinuates
Shows
Proves
Confirms
Indicates
Negative not bad
More emotive but not OTT
Use a thesaurus (but check the dictionary that this is the right word in this context)
Don’t be too flowery
9. Topic/title Engaging
Something we can relate to
Able to research, probably a commonly argued topic
Can be backed up with statistics
Relate to current affairs, topical
Not just personal to you BUT it should be of interest you
REAL and TRUE
Not be fiction
Think up an engaging title/question; don’t just call it argument
10. Tone Formal
Match topic
Element of humour
Assertive, confident but not arrogant, obnoxious
Avoid overly sarcastic and dismissive
Avoid patronising
Add texture – not monotonous
Emotive, show personal engagement
Try universal/humanity at end, i.e. Leave the reader thinking about life, morality and significance at the end.