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Sediments

Sediments. Sediment thickness of ocean floor. Very thin Mid-Atlantic ridge Very thick Smooth sea floor. Sediment Texture and color. Grain size Boulders to colloids Color White or creamy – biological origin Gray – high in silica Red clay- iron oxide.

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Sediments

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  1. Sediments

  2. Sediment thickness of ocean floor • Very thin • Mid-Atlantic ridge • Very thick • Smooth sea floor

  3. Sediment Texture and color • Grain size • Boulders to colloids • Color • White or creamy – biological origin • Gray – high in silica • Red clay- iron oxide

  4. Sediment classification by particle size • Boulder >256 mm • Cobble 64-256 mm • Pebble 4 –64 mm • Granule 2-4 mm • Sand 0.062 –2mm • Silt 0.004 –0.062 mm • Clay <0.004 mm

  5. Types of sediment • Well-sorted sediments • Particles of one size • Poorly sorted sediments • A mixture of size

  6. Sediment transport • Rivers • Glaciers • Currents

  7. Classification of Marine sedimentby source • Terrigenous Sediments • Biogenous Sediments • Hydrogenous Sediments • Cosmogenous Sediments

  8. Terrigenous (lithogenous) Sediments • Originates on the continents • derived from igneous rocks • Granite - the source of quartz and clay

  9. Biogenous Sediments • Made of siliceous and calcareous compounds • near continental margins

  10. Hydrogenous Sediments • Minerals that have precipitated directly from sea water Eg manganese nodules Phosphorite nodules

  11. Cosmogenous Sediments • Extraterrestrial origin • microtektites.

  12. Distribution of Marine Sediments • Neritic sediments • Pelagic sediments

  13. Average thickness of marine sediments • Continental shelves 2.5 Km • Continental slopes 9 km • Continental rises 8 km • Deep ocean floor 0.6 km

  14. Sediments of continental margins • Terrigenous • lithification

  15. Sediment thickness of Deep-Ocean Basin • Atlantic and Pacific • abyssal plains • oceanic ridges

  16. Sediments of Deep Ocean Basin • Turbidites • Clays • Oozes • Hydrogenous Materials

  17. Hydrogenous sediments • Originate from chemical reaction Evaporites • Eg, calcium carbonate, • Calcium sulfate • Sodium chloride • Oolite sand

  18. Studying Sediments • clamshell sampler • piston corer

  19. stratigraphy

  20. Paleoceanography • The study of the Ocean’s past

  21. The Economic Importance of Marine Sediments • crude oil • natural gas

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