CONATEL Conseil National des Telecommunications

1. CONATELConseil National des Telecommunications ICT to monitoring the climate Edva ALTEMAR

2. Summary • • Climate change • • Biogeography of haitian republic • • The haitian climate change • • Environment management • • ICT to monitoring climate : What we use in Haiti • • Recommendations

3. Climate change • The phenomenon of climate change will have important effects on Haitian socio-economic realities, according to a study undertaken by the Economic Commission for the Latin America and the Caribbean (CEPAL) and the office of the Program of the United Nations for Development in Haiti (UNDP) in partnership with the Haitian Ministry of the Environment. • Climate changes Modifications of the climate particularly affect agriculture, the environment and the health condition of people living in Haiti

4. El Niño Phenomenon • El Niño is a regional consequence of a disturbance atmospheric circulation between the poles and equator. • Its appearance moves the zones of precipitations towards East in the Pacific Ocean and prevents the increase of cool water along the coast of South America. • Cause of cut of the source of nutrients for the sea fauna and disturb seriously the fishing industry

5. Biogeography of Haitian republic • HAITI is located in the Caribbean. It divides the island of Haiti with the Dominican Republic. • It is a mountainous country with nearly 75%. • Haiti Superficy: 27.750 km ². • In the North: Atlantic Ocean • East : Dominican Republic. • West and South: Caribbean Sea • Climate: tropical. The vegetation in Haiti is made up mainly of undergrowth, conifers, leafy trees and mangroves. • Regarding occupation of space, agriculture occupies the greatest part. Almost 43% of the grounds are devoted to this activity. Haitian Population is around 10 085 214 habitants. With serious deficiencies education and health.

6. The Haitian relief and climate change • Topography: very mountainous country. More of the ¾ of its surface consists of mountains. The North America climatic systems influence the climate global of the country. • However, it is necessary to raise of the regional variations due to topography and the direction of the dominant winds. According to the Enviroment Ministry (MDE, 1999), these factors are responsible for the falls of rains according to 4 great groups:

7. The Haitian relief and climate change • From April to June: Hot air and wet is brought by the trade winds coming from the North-East. • Rainy season is due to convection currents on the coastal plains and the Mountains in the South. It is also caused by the mountains interior by orographical effect. • In summer, somewhat intensive rains especially on the southernmost slope of the department of the South and South-east are caused by the East winds.

8. The Haitian relief and climate change • June to November: hurricane season caused by downpours in all geographic departments. • From October to December, Nordé (strong winds coming from the North-East). Abundant rains in are brought by the cold faces of North America.

9. The Haitian relief and climate change • The climate is Tropical in plain (low altitudes) and appears subtropical in mountain. • Haiti has only two seasons: rainy season from April to November and dry season from December to March. • According to the Environment Ministry, annual precipitations change between 400 mm (in low altitude) and more than 2000 mm (in high-altitude). (MDE, 1999)

10. The Haitian relief and climate change • Joint studies undertaken by the Department of the Environment (MDE), the Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine and the Office of the Mines and Energy since 2002 and supported by the PNUE, show that climate change projected for Haiti indicate an temperature increase varying from 0.8°C to 1.0°C for the year 2030; for the year 2060, this increase will vary between 1.5°C with 1.7°C

11. Temperatures and Precipitation in Port-au-Prince

12. Climate change in Haiti • These studies also concluded that there is aridity of the grounds through all the country since 2000, and that in the beginning of second half of the 21st century, more than half of the surface of Haiti will be in great danger of turning into a desert because of the unfavourable climatic conditions. • The climate changes should reduce the water resources of the country. It is provided that there will be for Haiti during XXIe an increase in evaporation and surface waters taking into account the environmental degradation which affects the country. for the year 2030; for the year 2060, this increase will vary 1.5°C with 1.7°C.

13. Climate change in Haiti • Climate changes mortgage in Haiti is as important as others human rights like the right for life, the right for adequate food, the right to water, the right to health and housing and affect certain special groups. • The warming of the climate has implications on all human rights devoted by some UN Conventions (Convention of the Rights of the Children, Convention of the Rights of the People Handicapped, Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of discrimination Racial etc).

14. Climate change in Haiti • Phenomenon observed and/or projected by Climate changes in Haiti are real threats for human lives. The number of people deceased and suffering from diseases and wounds caused by floods and cyclones are unfortunately increasing year by year in the country.

15. Environment management • The most urgent environmental problems appear to be: Deforestation of the natural forests, Pollution of the littoral, Insalubrity [in urban environment] and Erosion of biological diversity. • Environment Management is making by MDE, MARNDR, MPCE, MTPTC (Government Ministries)

16. My Sources • First National Communications on Climate Change, Environement Ministry, August 2001 • Population, Environment & Climate Change, UNFPA, 2011 • Climate change & Biodiversity, GROUPE D’EXPERTS INTERGOUVERNEMENTAL SUR L’ÉVOLUTION DU CLIMAT (GEIEC), April 2002 • REHABILITATION OF the ENVIRONMENT AND the REDUCTION OF POVERTY IN HAITI, environment Ministry, 2007

17. ICT monitoring for climate change • M. Jean PLA from the UIT-D CE 2 present on september 11, 2011 a paper : The ICT AND the CLIMATE CHANGES • MONITORING OF the CLIMATE CHANGES AND TELEDETECTION ULTRA HIGH FREQUENCIES BY SATELLITE • Altimetry by satellite Passive teledetection Frequencies used for Earth exploration by satellite • http://groups.itu.int/Portals/47/climatechange/presentation/320154/320154F.pdf

18. ICT to monitoring climate change • With this presentation he shows the use of SATELLITES JASON 1,2: CNES, NASA, NOAA and EUMETSAT to measure: • Distance enters the satellite and the sea • Height of the waves • Speed of the wind Precision • And also Frequencies used for the active teledetection by satellite (Radiometer ultra high frequencies to 1,4 GHz).

19. SMOS Satellite • By using satellite communication and electromagnetic spectrum for telededection we see that ICT is use in monitoring climate • Satellite SMOS: Altitude moyenne de 758 km et inclinaison de 98,44°; orbite basse terrestre, polaire, héliosynchrone, quasi circulaire, intervalle de survol de 23 jours

20. SMOS Results : MOISTURE OF THE GROUNDS. • climate change affecting the weater (Temperature more hot in april 2011 than April 2010)

21. ICT to monitoring climate : What we use in Haiti • Information and communications technology is a term that stresses the role of unified communications and the integration of telecommunications (telephone lines and wireless signals), computers, middleware as well as necessary software, storage- and audio-visual systems, which enable users to create, access, store, transmit, and manipulate information. • ICT also a consists of IT as well as telecommunication, broadcast media, all types of audio and video processing and transmission and network based control and monitoring functions.[

22. ICT to monitoring climate : What we use in Haiti • The Ministry of Environment in Haiti publishes FIRST NATIONAL COMMUNICATION ON the Climate changes • All result from this document are analyse and report by MAGICC/SCENGEN : Model for the Assessment of Greenhouse-gas Induced Climate Change a Regional SCENario GENerator • This is an Computering Logiciel use in monotoring climate and environment

23. ICT to monitoring climate : What we use in Haiti • There is a lot of typical logiciel using to monitoring the climate: • AKCP SP2 Bundle 4 - Climate Monitoring • Climpag : Climate Impact on Agriculture • GCOS: Global Climate Observing System: New Zealand maintains a systematic program of atmospheric, oceanic and terrestrial • measurements of a suite of essential climate variable. • ASCAS: Alpine Snow-Cover Analysis System

24. ICT to monitoring climate : What we use in Haiti • Since the earthquake on january 12, 2010, National Laboratory keep contact with others laboratory in order to get recently information by using Internet and smartphone • Civil Protection Management implement an Emergency Alert System :•To alert the population about emergency situations.• Send alert messages to specific geographic areas.• Generate messages centralized under the responsibility clearly defined by Twitter on the Digicel Network.

25. Recommendations Use of ICT to monitor Climate Change help to reduce CO2 so we recommand: • Incitation for using ICT in education, health, business, etc. • Developing green product and software (Green in the box) • Use ITU Climate Change standardization in innovation • Continue promoting green all over the world

26. Thankyou !