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US HISTORY in four DAYS

Explore the rich history of the United States, from early exploration by Columbus to the Civil War. Learn about the British colonies, American Revolution, expansion westward, and the Civil War era. Discover key events, figures, and the impact of westward expansion and industrialization.

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US HISTORY in four DAYS

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  1. US HISTORY in four DAYS

  2. The Exploration of North America • Christopher Columbus (Spain) • Discovered “New World” but REMEMBER INDIANS • John Cabot (England) • Looking for connection to Pacific from North America • Amerigo Vespucci (Spain) • Searched coast; America named for him • Ponce de Leon (Spain) • Fountain of Youth in Florida • Hernan Cortez (Spain)-a Conquistador • Defeated Aztecs • Ferdinand Magellan (Spain) • Sailed around the world

  3. The British Colonies • Northern colonies: Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, and New Hampshire • Puritans, Pilgrims, farming, fishing • Middle Colonies: New York, New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland, and Pennsylvania • Farming, trading, fishing • Southern Colonies: Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia • Farming tobacco with slavery • French-Indian War (1754-1763) • British gain control of North America

  4. Trouble with Britain • System of colonialism • Navigation Acts • Writs of Assistance • The Stamp Act • Boston Massacre • Boston Tea Party • Intolerable Acts

  5. The American Revolution • Lexington and Concord (1775): fighting breaks out • Battle of Bunker Hill (1775) • George Washington given command of Continental Army (1776) • Saratoga (1777): convinces French to join • Valley Forge (Winter 1777-78) • Training of soldiers • Very hard on soldiers • Yorktown (1781): defeat of British • Treaty of Paris (1783): colonists get their own country = United States of America

  6. The New Government • Articles of Confederation: created weak government • Philadelphia Convention (1787) • Throw out Articles, write the Constitution • James Madison: Father of the Constitution • Ratification debate • Federalists (BIG government) v. Anti-Federalists (small government) • Bill of Rights: first 10 amendments (changes to the Constitution)

  7. Starting the New Government • George Washington: first president • Thomas Jefferson, first Secretary of State • Alexander Hamilton, first Secretary of the Treasury • Whiskey Rebellion: challenge to new government • Washington’s Farewell Address • Marbury v. Madison (1803) • Supreme Court begins judicial review • Judges cases using the Constitution as a standard

  8. Expansion of America • Louisiana Purchase (1803) • Thomas Jefferson and Napoleon of France • Lewis and Clark Expedition • Manifest Destiny • Indian Removal Act (1830) • Andrew Jackson orders Indians removed from Southeast to make way for white farmers • Traveling out west • Pioneers, covered wagons, etc. • The Oregon Trail, California Trail, Santa Fe Trail • Texas independence (1836) • War with Mexico (1846-1848)

  9. Leading to Civil War • 3/5’s Compromise and Slave Trade Agreement • Missouri Compromise (1820): dividing line • Compromise of 1850 • Result of War with Mexico • Introduced popular sovereignty • Fugitive Slave Law • Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854): popular sovereignty • Bleeding Kansas • Birth of Republican Party (1854) • Idea of Free-Soilers • Dredd Scott Decision (1857) • John Brown’s Raid on Harper’s Ferry (1859)

  10. The Civil War • Secession: Southern states quit the US (Union) • Form the Confederate States of America • Fort Sumter (1861): first shots fired • Bull Run (1861): first battle • Antietam (1862): bloodiest day in American history • Vicksburg (1863): cut South in half • Gettysburg (1863) • South invades North and is defeated • Turning point of War • Atlanta (1864) and Sherman’s March to the Sea

  11. The Civil War-Comparing North and South • Advantages • Large population • Large Navy • BIG population • Industrialized • Strategy • Hurt South’s morale • Destroy South’s industry • Squeeze off the South (Anaconda Plan) • Major Leaders • Abraham Lincoln (Pres.) • Ulysses S. Grant • Advantages • Fighting for independence • Better soldiers • Home field • Strategy • Defensive war • Wear out North • Major Leaders • Jefferson Davis (Pres.) • Robert E. Lee • “Stonewall” Jackson

  12. Effects of Civil War • Reconstruction led by Radical Republicans • South is destroyed economically and large % of men dead • 13th Amendment: slavery is ended • 14th Amendment: equal rights • 15th Amendment: voting rights for black men • Freedmens’ Bureau: helping slaves adjust to freed life • Ku Klux Klan, Grandfather Clause, Literacy tests, and poll taxes • Sharecropping • Kept Southern blacks in poverty

  13. Western Expansion • Growth of railroads • Transcontinental Railroad • Other technology: barbed wire, Bessemer process, steel plow • Conflicts with Native Americans • The Sioux Wars (Battle of Little Bighorn) • Nez Perce and Chief Joseph • Wounded Knee, Ghost Dance, and Sitting Bull • Farming and Politics • Populist Party • Grange: farmers joining together

  14. Industrialization and Gilded Age • Growth of cities (urbanization) • Industrialization • Unsafe working conditions • Child labor • Social Darwinism • Robber Barons and monopolies • John D. Rockefeller: Standard Oil • Cornelius Vanderbilt: railroads • Andrew Carnegie and Gospel of Wealth • Horatio Alger and American Dream • Growth of immigrants • Nativism and anti-immigrant beliefs • Chinese, Irish, and Eastern Europeans

  15. Progressive Era • Solutions to the Gilded Age • Anti-monopoly, anti-government corruption • Theodore Roosevelt • The Square Deal • Started National Park Service • Pure Food and Drug Act • Woodrow Wilson • Created Federal Trade Commission • 19th Amendment: women can vote • 18th Amendment: made alcohol illegal; began Prohibition • Journalists/muckrakers discover issues • Ex. Upton Sinclair and The Jungle

  16. Spanish-American War and World War I • US Imperialism • US claims Hawaii • Gains Philippines, Guam, and Puerto Rico as territories in Spanish-American War • Spanish-American War • US feels Spain is committing human rights violations in Cuba • Yellow Journalism and the USS Maine • Commodore Dewey and Navy capture Philippines • Theodore Roosevelt and Rough Riders help capture Cuba • World War I • Why war: imperialism, nationalism, alliances, militarism • Why US: Lusitania, Zimmerman Telegram, U-Boats, Russian Revolution • Treaty of Versailles: ends war and US does not sign or join League of Nation

  17. Roaring Twenties…Yea!Great Depression…Boooo! • Harlem Renaissance • Langston Hughes, Nora Zeale Hurston, Claude McKay, Louis Armstrong • Expansion of radio, movies, and cars • “Red Scare:” communism • Difficulty for blacks in South • Prohibition and rise of the gangster • Losening of morals • Crash of stock market in 1929 (too much speculation and loans) • Bank Runs • Dust Bowl • Bad Herbert Hoover • Good FDR • New Deal • Relief, Recovery, and Reform • Alphabet of Agencies • Creates Social Security

  18. World War II • Rise of totalitarianism and fascism • Mussolini (Italy), Hitler (Germany), and Hirohito (Japan) form Axis Powers • Churchill (GB), Stalin (SU), De Gaulle (France) with the US later form the Allies • US tries to stay neutral • “Cash and Carry” then Lend-Lease Act • Pearl Harbor forces US into World War II • Home Front • Women working, rationing, war bonds, and Japanese internment • Major US Leaders: George C. Marshall, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Douglas MacArthur, and George Patton • Major Battles: Midway, North Africa, invasion of Italy, D-Day/Normandy, and Iwo Jima • Truman ends war with dropping atomic bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki

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