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بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم

بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم. GENUS: HAEMOPHILUS Prof. Khalifa Sifaw Ghenghesh. Small, Pleomorphic G-ve Rods Require Growth Factors Two factors > X & V X = haemin V = Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) = NAD phosphate (NADP) BA Chocolate agar.

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بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم

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  1. بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم GENUS: HAEMOPHILUS Prof. Khalifa Sifaw Ghenghesh

  2. Small, Pleomorphic G-ve Rods • Require Growth Factors • Two factors > X & V • X = haemin • V = Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) = NAD phosphate (NADP) • BA • Chocolate agar

  3. Species Growth Factor Required ---------------------------------------------- H. influenzae X + V H. parainfluenzae V H. ophrophilus X H. ducreyi X ----------------------------------------------

  4. Haemophilus influenzae • Smooth and rough colonies occur • Capsulated >> • Non-capsulated >>

  5. ANTIGENIC STRUCTURE 1. The capsular polysaccharide antigens: • 6 serotypes: a - f. • Encapsulated H. influenzae >> Quellung (capsular swelling) reaction. 2. Somatic antigens:

  6. VIRULENCE FACTORS • i. Capsule: • ii. Outer membrane components: • OMP & LOS • iii. Adherence: • iv. IgA proteases:

  7. PATHOGENESIS • Normal Carriage • H. influenzae > Human parasite • Non-capsulate HI > nasopharynx or throat of 25-80% of healthy people • Capsulate strains in 5-10% • Immunization with conjugate vaccine > • Invasive infections • Non-Invasive Disease

  8. INVASIVE INFECTIONS H. Influenzae type b Respiratory portal of entery (Inhalation) Colonization of nasopharynx Penetration of submucosa Invasion of Bloodstream Meningitis, Epiglottitis, Bacteraemia Pneumonia, Septic arthritis Non-Capsulate HI: > Meningitis and Septicaemia > the Neonate

  9. NON-INVASIVE DISEASE • Local Infections: • Physiological or Anatomical Abnormalities • Otitis Media, Sinusitis • Purulent episodes > patients with exacerbations of chronic obstructive airway disease • Non-capsulate strains of HI • Viral Infections ?

  10. LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS 1. Direct examination: • Specimen: CSF, middle ear aspirate, sputum (purulent). 2. Culture: • Chocolate agar + CO2 • Blood culture bottles • Antigenic detection • Molecular Techniques

  11. Blood agar plate culture of Haemophilus influenzae

  12. Haemophilus influenzaesatelliting around Staphylococcus aureus

  13. TREATMENT • - Systemic illness • 3rd Generation cephalosporins • TMP-SMZ, Ciprofloxacin, Clarithromycin • - Otitis media in children • - Pneumonia in adults • - Acute sinusitis • Amoxicillin, Augmentin, Clarithromycin, PREVENTION • Vaccination

  14. Haemophilus influenzae biogroup aegyptius(Haemophilus aegyptius) • Epidemic conjunctivitis • Brazillian purpuric fever • Haemophilus ducreyi> Chancroid • Haemophilus parainfluenzae

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