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States, Boiling Point, Melting Point, and Solubility

States, Boiling Point, Melting Point, and Solubility. Solid. Liquid. Gas. Questions. What are the 3 states of matter? Write a definition for each state?. Defining States of Matter. States of matter are NOT defined by what they are made of.

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States, Boiling Point, Melting Point, and Solubility

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  1. States, Boiling Point, Melting Point, and Solubility Solid Liquid Gas

  2. Questions • What are the 3 states of matter? • Write a definition for each state?

  3. Defining States of Matter • States of matter are NOT defined by what they are made of. • Example: solids can be elements (gold), compounds (Salt = NaCl), or mixtures (butter) Element (Au) Compound (NaCl) Mixture (Milk, Salt, etc)

  4. Defining States of Matter • States of matter are defined by whether they hold SHAPE and VOLUME Element (Au) Compound (NaCl) Mixture (Milk, Salt, etc) ALL KEEP THE SAME SHAPE AND VOLUME = Solids

  5. Defining States of Matter • Solids – have a definite SHAPE and VOLUME. Element (Au) Compound (NaCl) Mixture (Milk, Salt, etc) ALL KEEP THE SAME SHAPE AND VOLUME

  6. Particle View of a Solid • Particles in a solid are PACKED CLOSELY together and they are in a FIXED POSITION. Particles vibrate in place

  7. Liquids • Liquids – has definite VOLUME but no defined SHAPE 100 ml

  8. Particle View of a Liquid • Packed CLOSELY (like a solid), but move FREELY around each other (must stay in contact).

  9. Gases • Gases - do NOT have definite SHAPE or VOLUME. Bromine gas fills up the entire volume of the container

  10. Particle view of a Gas • Particles can MOVE FREELY and will either fill up or squeeze into available space.

  11. Questions • 1) Which Statement is True? • A) Liquids have a definite shape and volume • B) States of matter are defined by the substances they are made up of • C) Gases have a definite shape and volume • D) Solids have a definite shape and volume

  12. Task • Draw a diagram of • A) Gas particles • B) Liquid particles • C) Solid particles

  13. Changes in States of Matter • Thermal Energy – heat energy. • More thermal energy = More particle movement

  14. Changing States Increase Thermal Energy (Heat up) Solid Gas Liquid Decrease Thermal Energy (Cool off)

  15. Melting point • Melting - change from solid to liquid • Melting point - SPECIFIC temperature when melting occurs. • Each pure substance has a SPECIFIC melting point. • Examples: • M.P. of Water = 0°C (32°F) • M.P. of Nitrogen = -209.9 °C (-345.81998 °F) • M.P. of Silver = 961.93 °C (1763.474 °F) • M.P. of Carbon = 3500.0 °C (6332.0 °F)

  16. Melting Point • Particles of a solid vibrate so fast that they break free from their fixed positions. Increasing Thermal Energy Solid Liquid Melting point

  17. Vaporization • Vaporization – change from liquid to gas • Vaporization happens when particles in a liquid gain enough energy to form a gas. Increasing Thermal Energy Gas Liquid Boiling point

  18. Two Kinds of Vaporization • Evaporation – vaporization that takes place only on the surface of the liquid • Boiling – when a liquid changes to a gas BELOW its surface as well as above.

  19. Boiling Point • Boiling Point – temperature at which a liquid boils • Each pure substance has a SPECIFIC boiling point. • Examples: • B.P. of Water = 100°C (212°F) • B.P. of Nitrogen = -195.79 °C (-320.42 °F) • B.P. of Silver = 2162 °C (3924 °F) • B.P. of Carbon = 4027 °C (7281 °F)

  20. Boiling Point and Melting Point Boiling point Melting point

  21. Solubility • Maximum amount of a substance that can be dissolved in a liquid (at a specific temperature). Water (H20) at 20°C Salt (NaCl)

  22. Solubility • Solute – substance being dissolved • Solvent – liquid substance that solute is dissolved into Water (H20) at 20°C Salt (NaCl)

  23. Solubility Salt • Solute – ?????? • Solvent – ????? Water Water (H20) at 20°C Salt (NaCl)

  24. Solubility can change • Increased Temp = Increased Solubility • Different substances have different solubility curves

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