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TOURISM PLANNING & DEVELOPMENT 12-09-2005

TOURISM PLANNING & DEVELOPMENT 12-09-2005. TON TEPE. TODAY. TPDi : WHY? TOURISM PRODUCTS TOURISM SYSTEMS DESTINATIONS ~ PRODUCTS DESTINATION ~ COMPLEXITY & CONTEXT TOWARDS SUSTAINABILITY. TPDi role and function. TOURISM PLANNING ~ …… TOURISM DEVELOPMENT ~ ……

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TOURISM PLANNING & DEVELOPMENT 12-09-2005

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  1. TOURISM PLANNING & DEVELOPMENT 12-09-2005 TON TEPE

  2. TODAY • TPDi : WHY? • TOURISM PRODUCTS • TOURISM SYSTEMS • DESTINATIONS ~ PRODUCTS • DESTINATION ~ COMPLEXITY & CONTEXT • TOWARDS SUSTAINABILITY

  3. TPDirole and function • TOURISM PLANNING ~ …… • TOURISM DEVELOPMENT ~ …… • TPDi ~ FUTURE ORIENTATED, BASED ON UNDERSTANDING PAST AND PRESENT • TPD ~ DESIGNING THE FUTURE • TPDi assignment ………

  4. TOURISM PRODUCTS DESTINATIONS … • HUGE…. • LOTS OF VARIETIES…. • AMALGAMS~MIXTURES • PRODUCT ELEMENTS • SO MANY AND ALL DIFFERENT

  5. TOURISM PRODUCT ELEMENTS .. • ATTRACTIONS • NATURAL • CULTURAL (based on history, past) • MAN-MADE • AMENITIES: ACCOmmodation, F&B, ENTERTAINMENT, ETC • ACCES & INFRASTRUCTURE • OTHER: HOSPITABILITY ETC NEXT WEEK:……………………. ATTRACTING~SUPPORTING

  6. TOURISM PRODUCTS ~=~ DESTINATIONS ITMC(TPDi) >>>> DESTINATIONS

  7. 2 TOURISM SYSTEMS • MILL & MORISSON • LIU : bigger than MM model The MM model fits in the Liu model (not the other way around)

  8. THE (!)TOURISM SYSTEMM&M • 4 MAJOR ELEMENTS • 1 OF THEM IS DESTINATION (most interesting one for ITMC- the visited area) • THE OTHER IS DEMAND (tourism generating areas) • Destination and demand LINKED THROUGH • TRAVEL • MARKETING • CHANGE (!) (start model with destination now instead of demand)

  9. TOURISM SYSTEM MODEL MILL AND MORRISON

  10. TOURISM SYSTEM MODEL MILL AND MORRISON

  11. TOURISM SYSTEM (M&M)TOURISM PRODUCTS = DESTINATIONS • DESTINATION AREAS • SUPPLY SIDE • TOURISM PRODUCTS (you can only analyze products if you look at the market) • PRODUCT LED • DESTINATIONS = SELLERS OF TOURISM PRODUCTS • TPD >> focus on DESTINATIONS >>ITMC • FOCUS ON : DESTINATIONS • WITH A LOT OF ATTENTION FOR TOURISM MARKETS

  12. Example TOURISM DESTINATION AREA:INDONESIA • = TOURISM PRODUCT, in order to analyze product, looking at the market is essential. • MAIN MARKETS: • DOMESTIC • INCOMING • SINGAPORE • MALAYSIA • JAPAN • TAIWAN • AUSTRALIA • USA / GERMANY / NL

  13. TOURISM SYSTEM (M&M)DEMAND = TOURISM MARKETS • DEMAND (has to do with destination) • Supply has to do with product • TOURIST GENERATING AREAS • MARKETS (people from tourism generating areas) • TOURISTS/TRAVELERS/CONSUMERS • TOURISM MARKETS : BUYERS OF TOURISM PRODUCTS • MARKET LED ~ MARKET ORIENTATED

  14. TOURISM GENERATING AREA:HOLLAND • MARKET = HOLLAND • FAVOURITE DESTINATIONS (long trips) • HOLLAND (8Mln) • ABROAD (12Mln) – neighbouring countries most important • FRANCE 20 % • SPAIN 15% • GERMANY 10% • Belgium, Italy, Greece: 5% (each) (often the country of destination attracts visitors and the generating country does not focus on the country of destination. E.g. Germany only aims less than5% of outgoing activities on the Netherlands. Still, 50% of tourism goes to NL. So the NL focusses on Germany and not the other way around.

  15. TOURISM SYSTEM INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT ASPECTS: POLICY, PLANNING, MARKETING, ORGANISATIONAL, FINANCIAL, HUMAN OPERATING ENVIRONMENT – working space: competing destinations, generating areas/destinations MACRO ENVIRONMENT wider environment On the internal and operating environment the Tourism system has some influence, on the macro environment there is hardly any influence. (the reader focusses too much on the macro environment!! Instead focus on other 2 environments! THE(!) TOURISM SYSTEMLIU

  16. ASSIGNMENT….TPDi ANALYSE PRESENT AND PAST OF A TOURISM PRODUCT (TO DESIGN THE FUTURE) TO UNDERSTAND Assignment Not meant to design the future!

  17. TPDi (itmc) PERSPECTIVEassignment • (TOURISM PRODUCT ANALYSIS- in real life often part of destination analysis • DESTINATION ANALYSIS – potential area, product development directions etc. (during fieldtrip) • PRE-FEASIBILITY : trying to look in what ‘seems to be’ possible/feasible for developments, scanning possibilities • FEASIBILITY - pick one or two developments/products and check out : • MARKET • FINANCE • GO or NO GO • PROJECT DEVELOPMENT PHASE • (actual development/building takes place in construction phase) • (then comes pre-operational and operational phase. In the latter the tourists come and the PLC starts).

  18. DESTINATION ANALYSISPREVIEW….. • TOURISM PRODUCT ANALYSIS • COMPETITION ANALYSIS • ECONMICAL & POLITICAL CONTEXT • CULTURAL AND SOCIAL CONTEXT • LEGAL STRUCTURE / LEGISLATION • PLANNING SYSTEM • ETCETERA……………….. • ALL THIS…. IS NEEDED IN ORDER TO DESIGN FOR THE FUTURE…..

  19. M&M POLICY PLANNING DEVELOPMENT CONTROL (DESCRIBE, ANALYSE, EVALUATE, SYNTHESISE (try to find out what is possible/creative), FORMULATE ‘g’, DEVELOP, CREATE, IMPLEMENT, CONTROL, MANAGEMENT…) LIU POLICY PLANNING MARKETING ORGANISATIONAL FINANCIAL HUMAN DESTINATION AREA(M&M ~ LIU ~ INTERNAL SYSTEM) Most important product analyze are: Analyze Synthesise implement

  20. TOURISM DEVELOPMENT(PEARCE) PROVISION OF FACILITIES AND SERVICES TO MEET THE NEEDS OF TOURISTS

  21. TOURISM DEVELOPMENT(LEW) A PROCESS THAT LEADS TO THE REALISATION OF TOURISM PRODUCTS AT DESTINATION AREAS

  22. TOURISM DEVELOPMENTTPDi….. Tourism Development always seen as something PHYSICAL PRIMARY PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT – there is a physical change in environment SECONDARY PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT (e.g. TO develops new package using same physical elements – no changes/ use elements already present) IN TPDi TOURISM PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT IS ALWAYS…….

  23. TOURISM PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT? Physical change?YES or NO? • CONSTRUCTION OF A HOTEL? yes • MAKING AND LAUNCHING A NEW MARKETING PLAN? no • REALISING A BEACH RESORT? yes • COMPOSING A PACKAGE HOLIDAY? no • REJUVENATING CRUISE PORT FACILITIES? yes • TRAINING PERSONEL FOR HOTELS? no • PROMOTING A BEACH RESORT? no

  24. ALL THE THINGS U NEED TO DO BEFORE U CAN START e.g. PREPARATION CONCEPTUAL THINKING GREAT IDEAS PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT FUNDING PLANNING DESIGNING BUILDING (PERMISSION) FEASIBILITY STUDIES PROMOTION MARKET RESEARCH ETC. ALL THE THINGS U NEED TO DO TO KEEP THE ENGINE RUNNING F.E. EXPLOITATION REVITALISING CLIENT SATISFACTION HRM ETC. TPD & ProductLifeCycle

  25. PLC & TPDi Tpd activities take place before the operational phase and take place below the surface Operational activities.. TPD-activities …. T -1 T 0 Time

  26. DESTINATIONCOMPLEXITY • ACTOR VARIETY • INTERDEPENDENCY • SCALE • PUBLIC – PRIVAT – Non Governmental Organizations (NGO ’S) • MULTI OWNERSHIP… With a destination there’s complexity and many other elements/stakeholders play a role-context

  27. DESTINATIONCONTEXT • INTERDEPENDENCY >> • EXTERNAL DESTINATION ENVIRONMENT CONTEXT –crucial for development • SYSTEM CONTEXT

  28. TOURISM PRODUCTSCOMPLEXITY & CONTEXT = CRUCIAL ONE INDIVIDUAL TOURISM PRODUCTELEMENT CAN ONLY BE JUDGED IN THE CONTEXT OF THE OTHER PRODUCTELEMENTS

  29. TPD HAS TO DO WITH UNDERSTANDING AND ANALYSING THE PRESENT & THE PAST & THE CONTEXT & THE MARKETS >>>> All crucial to DESIGN THE FUTURE

  30. TOURISM PRODUCT (DESTINATION)COMPLEXITY • INTERFACE >> SOCIO-ECONOMIC POLICIES • NATIONAL POLICIES • LAND USE • INTERFACE >> DIFFERENT MARKETS • INTERNATIONAL • DOMESTIC • LOCAL • INTERFACE >> COMPETING DESTINATIONS • EVALUATING AND ANALYSING THE COMPETITION • INTERFACE >> DIFFERENT STAKEHOLDERS • DEVELOPERS • INTERMEDIAIRS • PUBLIC AUTHORITIES • INTERFACE >> DEVELOPMENT <> CONSERVATION

  31. TOWARDS SUSTAINABILITY • ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS, SO … • SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IS NEEDED • MEETING THE NEEDS OF THE PRESENT WITHOUT COMPROMISING THE ABILITY OF FUTURE GENERATIONS TO MEET THEIR OWN NEEDS • SUSTAINABLE IS FAVORED BY: • CONSUMER PRESSURE • PUBLIC AUTHORITIES • INTERNATIONAL & LOCAL CONSERVATION GROUPS • SUSTAINABLE ‘COUNTER FORCES’ –don’t look at sustainability • DEVELOPERS: ECONOMIC IMPARATIVE, PROFIT, ROI • DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: FOREIGN EXCHANGE, EMPLOYMENT these aspects are so important that they neglect the environment and don’t look at sustainability – just want tourism income fast.

  32. SUSTAINABILITYWHO CARES AND WHO SHOULD LEAD? • WHO CARES: STAKEHOLDERS! • TOURISM ENTERPRISES • LOCAL COMMUNITIES • ENVIRONMENTALISTS • TOURISTS • WHO SHOULD LEAD? : PUBLIC SECTOR BECAUSE: • Not TOURISM INDUSTRY(!) = too FRAGMENTED • SUSTAINABILITY RELATES TO AREAS OF PUBLIC CONCERN: AIR, WATER, NATURAL AND CULTURAL HERITAGE, QUALITY OF LIFE • PUBLIC SECTOR HAS THE TOOLS

  33. AGENDA FOR SUSTAINABLE TOURISM development (WTO 2005) • ECONOMIC VIABILITY • LOCAL PROSPERITY • EMPLOYMENT QUALITY • SOCIAL EQUITY • VISITOR FULFILLMENT • LAND CONTROL • COMMUNITY WELLBEING • CULTURAL RICHNESS • PHYSICAL INTEGRITY • BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY • RESOURCE EFFICIENCY • ENVIRONMENTAL PURITY SEE A PATTERN ?? ANYTHING NEW ?? All to do with economical, environmental and social-cultural impacts, both negative and positive. Still there is a focus on the economic side. TPD SHOULD…..pay attention to sustainability

  34. Summary: WHAT YOU SHOULD KNOW… • RELEVANCE OF TPD • TOURISM PRODUCT ELEMENTS • TOURISM SYSTEMS M&M AND LIU, DIFFERENCES ETC (explain and connect both models) • Know REASONS FOR SYSTEM APPROACH • Know REASONS FOR COMPLEXITY • Know IMPORTANCE OF CONTEXT • See RELEVANCE OF SUSTAINABILITY • TOURISM DEVELOPMENT (Y/N) ACCORDING TO TPDi • POSITION TPD RELATED TO PLC

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