By Agatha Christie

1. By Agatha Christie

2. Setting • Soldier Island off the coast of England • 8 travelers going to Soldier Island for different reasons • Some are formally invited, some are not • All have mysterious pasts

3. Burgh Island is chandeliered by a posh Art-Deco hotel-mansion. It is located off the west coast of Devon near Plymouth in southern England. As she describes in And Then There Were None, “The house itself was really most attractive, the view from the terrace magnificent.” Agatha Christie herself frequented this hotel.

4. 1. Justice Wargrave- • a retired judge - known as a "hanging judge” • received a letter from Constance Culmington to come to Soldier Island 2. Vera Claythorne- • a secretary, Woman’s skilled agency referred her • received a letter from Una Nancy Own to come to the island regarding a job 3. Captain Philip Lombard- • Mr. Isaac Morris will pay him $100 guineas to go to Soldier Island • he’s a good man in a tight spot 4. Emily Brent- • 65 years old • a rigid, repressed elderly spinster holding harsh moralistic principles • received a letter from U.N.O to start a guest house for “proper” guests

5. 5. General Macarthur- • “Owen” wants him to get together with his two old cronies 6. Dr. Armstrong- • received a letter asking him to treat Owen’s wife 7. Tony Marston- • very good looking • drinker • summoned for a good time 8. Mr. Blore- • undercover- “Mr. Davis” • is actually going to spy on the others • claims to have arrived from South Africa, as he was instructed to do by Isaac Morris • hired for "security" work

6. At the House… • The guests are greeted by Mr. Thomas and Ethel Rogers- the butler and housekeeper • They are told that Mr. Owen will come tomorrow and are showed to their rooms • There are 10 soldier china figures • In each room , there is a children’s poem…

7. Page 33-34 “Ten little Indians boys went out to dine; One choked his little self and then there were nine. Nine little Indian boys sat up very late; One overslept himself and then there were eight. Eight little Indian boys travelling in Devon; One said he’d stay there and then there were seven. Seven little Indians boys chopping up sticks; One chopped himself in halves and then there were six. Six little Indian boys playing with a hive; A bumblebee stung one and then there were five. Five little Indian boys going in for law; One got in Chancery and then there were four. Four little Indian boys going out to sea; A red herring swallowed one and then there were three. Three little Indian boys walking in the Zoo; A big bear hugged one and then there were two. Two little Indian boys sitting in the sun One got frizzled up and then there was one. One little Indian boy left all alone; He went and hanged himself and there were none.”

8. After Dinner, the Truth is Revealed • A “ voice” asked for silence and announced that all 9 were in some way guilty of murder • The voice came from a gramophone

9. Justice Laurence Wargrave • Accused of murder • During the trial of Edward Seton- he sentenced him to death • At the time, Edward Seton had been widely believed to be innocent of the murder of which he was accused

10. Vera Claythorne • Her last job as a governess ended in the death of Cyril Hamilton • She intentionally allowed him to swim out to sea and drown so that her lover, Hugo Hamilton (Cyril's uncle), could become the family heir/ marry her-the original plan before Cyril's birth • She swam out to sea to "save" Cyril- made it seem he had disobeyed her- knowing she would not arrive in time • Hugo; however, who loved his nephew, abandoned her after he somehow realized what she had done

11. Captain Philip Lombard • Lombard is accused of causing the deaths of East African tribesmen after he stole their food, leaving them to starve

12. Emily Brent • In years earlier, she dismissed her young maid, Beatrice Taylor, for becoming pregnant out of wedlock • Beatrice, who had already been rejected by her parents for the same reason, drowned herself in a river-an even worse sin

13. General John Macarthur • Sent his late wife's lover (a younger officer, Arthur Richmond) to his death by assigning him to a mission where it was practically guaranteed he would not survive • Leslie Macarthur had mistakenly put the wrong letters in the envelopes on one occasion when she wrote to both men at the same time

14. Dr. Edward Armstrong • Responsible for the death of a patient, Louisa Mary Clees, after he operated on her while drunk

15. Anthony Marston • Killed two young children (John and Lucy Combes) while driving recklessly • He, along with Lombard, are the only guests to openly and immediately confirm that the accusations against them are true; neither feels remorse

16. Mr. William Blore • Accused of falsifying his testimony for a bribe from a criminal gang in court • Resulted in an innocent man, James Landor, being convicted and sentenced to life • Landor died in prison • Blore is confronted about his true name on the gramophone recording and he acknowledges his true identity

17. Mr. Thomas & Ethel Rogers • They are assumed to have withheld Miss Jennifer Brady’s medicine to collect an inheritance they knew she had left them in her will • Jennifer was the Rogers’ former employer- an elderly spinster • Jennifer died from heart failure

18. Ten little Indians boys went out to dine;One choked his little self and then there were nine. • Tony Marston was intrigued by the “detective story” -only guest that wants to stay • He is the first victim • He’s poisoned with potassium cyanide slipped into his drink while the guests were discussing the gramophone recording • Rogers notices a missing china figure soldier while everyone prepares for bed

19. Nine little Indian boys sat up very late;One overslept himself and then there were eight. • Rogers awakens Dr. Armstrong • Mrs. Rogers died in her sleep from an overdose of chloral hydrate • She is the 2nd victim • Rogers now noticed only 8 china soldier figures

20. Eight little Indian boys travelling in Devon;One said he’d stay there and then there were seven. • Everyone began making assumptions and discussing the deaths • Lombard carries a revolver • General Macarthur tells Vera they won’t get off the island and their “end” will be a relief from guilt • Armstrong, Blore, and Lombard search in and around the house • General Macarthur was found bludgeoned while sitting along the shore • Only 7 china soldier figures remain

21. Seven little Indians boys chopping up sticks;One chopped himself in halves and then there were six. • No one has an alibi- they all suspect each other • They go to bed, expecting to be woken by Rogers- he is nowhere to be found • Vera discovers only 6 figures remain • Thomas Rogers was struck in the head with an axe as he cut firewood in the woodshed • Vera recaps the poem • Everyone enters the kitchen for breakfast, but Emily Brent

22. Six little Indian boys playing with a hive;A bumblebee stung one and then there were five • Having been sedated with chloral hydrate in her coffee, she was left alone and injected in the neck with potassium cyanide with one of Dr Armstrong's hypodermic syringes (the "bee sting") • Right before her own murder, she has a lurid daydream (chloral hydrate) about Beatrice - imagines hearing the girl's footsteps (actually the murderer) • They place all drugs in a locked chest in the cupboard • Lombard’s revolver is missing • The syringe is found outside the window with the 6th figurine

23. Five little Indian boys going in for law;One got in Chancery and then there were four. • During the evening/night, Wargrave went missing • He’s found sitting in a chair with Brent’s wool, the silken curtain, a judge’s wig, and shot in the forehead • They go to bed • Lombard’s revolver was returned to his drawer

24. During the Night… • Blore heard someone pass his room • He checked the rooms and discovered Armstrong was missing • Blore and Lombard go to find him • They tell Vera not to unlock her door until they return • When they return, they tell Vera that Armstrong disappeared, a pane in the dining room is smashed, and only 3 soldiers are left

25. Four little Indian boys going out to sea;A red herring swallowed one and then there were threeThree little Indian boys walking in the Zoo;A big bear hugged one and then there were two • Blore leaves to eat and Lombard and Vera are outside talking • They feel the ground quake and run to the house • Blore’s skull was crushed by a bear-shaped clock dropped from Vera's bedroom window onto the terrace • Vera and Lombard believe that Armstrong is the killer • But, they then find Armstrong in the water wedged between 2 rocks • Vera wants to move the body--- (Armstrong died before Blore -to fit the rhyme)

26. Two little Indian boys sitting in the sunOne got frizzled up and then there was one. • Vera and Lombard struggle • She stole the revolver and shot Lombard • Vera, at peace because she killed Lombard in self-defense, goes inside • She throws 2 of the remaining 3 china figures, then takes the remaining 1- the winner---HER • She goes to her room

27. One little Indian boy left all alone;He went and hanged himself and there were none • In Vera’s room, there was a rope and noose, and a chair • Imagining Cyril and Hugo, she hanged herself

28. Trying to Tie up the Loose Ends… • Sticklehaven people don’t know anything about Soldier Island, except Owen owns it • Sticklehaven people were told to ignore distress signals -part of a game being played by the wealthy owners • Isaac Morris, who made arrangements with some of the guests, is dead- overdosed on sleeping medication • If all the guests in the house were dead, Vera being the last… WHO PUT BACK HER CHAIR AFTER SHE HANGED HERSELF?

29. The Truth… • Justice Lawrence Wargrave is the murderer!! • he wrote a letter including his confession • he described (in detail) how he killed each person • how he tricked Dr. Armstrong • he put the letter in a bottle and threw it out to sea He created a mystery that could not be solved without his confession

30. Points of Reference… • Armstrong’s Role • Armstrong foolishly trusts Wargrave • While with the judge on a rocky cliff, he is pushed into the sea and drowns • His body goes missing for awhile, leading the others to believe he is the killer- the red herring • Red Herring- a literary device that leads readers or characters towards a false conclusion, often used in mystery or detective fiction

31. Vera’s Chair • After Vera hangs herself, Wargrave shoots himself using a complicated wire contraption that averts suspicion • His body would fall onto the bed as if it had been laid there

32. Mr. Owen-U. N. Owen, a pun on “Unknown” • Mr. Owen is Justice Wargrave • He’s a man with a strong sense of justice combined with a sadistic delight in murdering • Wargrave’s death by a bullet through the forehead will leave a red mark like the brand of Cain • the first murderer in the biblical book of Genesis • Wargrave’s Motif- The guilty receive what they deserve, and no one gets away with murder

33. Issac Morris’ Role • Hired by "Mr Owen" (Wargrave) to purchase the island on his behalf • Tells the townspeople to ignore distress signals for a week • Arranges for Lombard to come to the island armed - meet Owen for a later payment of 100 guineas • He’s a narcotics dealer • He’s caused the addiction/ suicide of a young woman- daughter of friends of Wargrave • Detectives discuss the death of Morris • overdose of medication- supported by Wargrave's confession • Morris trusted "Mr Owen" sufficiently to accept pills • Morris is actually the first victim chronologically, dying before Marston