ICEBERG: From POTS to PANS Anthony D. Joseph Randy H. Katz UC Berkeley

1. Bridge to the Future ICEBERG: From POTS to PANS Anthony D. JosephRandy H. KatzUC Berkeley S. S. 7 IBM Summit January 7, 1999 http://iceberg.cs.berkeley.edu Cellular “Core” Network

2. It’s the Services, Stupid! “Today, the telecommunications sector is beginning to reshape itself, from a vertically to a horizontally structured industry. … [I]t used to be that new capabilities were driven primarily by the carriers. Now, they are beginning to be driven by the users. … There’s a universe of people out there who have a much better idea than we do of what key applications are, so why not give those folks the opportunity to realize them. … The smarts have to be buried in the ‘middleware’ of the network, but that is going to change as more-capable user equipment is distributed throughout the network. When it does, the economics of this industry may also change.” George Heilmeier, Chairman Emeritus, Bellcore “From POTS to PANS: Telecommunications in Transition”

3. Important Trends • Multimedia / Voice over IP networks • Lower cost, more flexible packet-switching core network • Simultaneous delay sensitive and delay insensitive flows (RSVP, Class-based Queuing, Link Scheduling) • Intelligence shifts to the network edges • User-implemented functionality • Programmable intelligence inside the network • Proxy servers intermixed with switching infrastructure • TACC model & Java code: “write once, run anywhere” • Rapid new service development • Speech-based services • Implications for cellular network infrastructure of the 21st century? • High BW data (384 Kb/s-2 Mb/s): Reliable Link Protocols

4. ICEBERG: Internet-based core for CEllular networks BEyond the thiRd Generation • The Challenge • Developing service intensive, network-based, real-time applications • Securely embedding computational resources in the switching fabric • Providing an open, extensible network environment: heterogeneity • Computing • Encapsulating legacy servers and partitioning “thin” client functionality • Scalability: 100,000s of simultaneous users in the SF Bay Area • High BW IP backbones plus diverse access networks • Different coverage, bandwidth, latency, and cost characteristics • Third generation cellular systems: UMTS/IMT2000 • Next generation wireless LANs: Bluetooth • Home networking: DSL / Cable modem

5. ICEBERG Project Goals • Demonstrate ease of new service deployment • Packet voice for computer-telephony integration • Speech- and location-enabled applications • Complete interoperation of speech, text, fax/image across the four P’s: PDAs, pads, pagers, phones) • Mobility and generalized routing redirection • Demonstrate new system architecture to support innovative applications • Personal Information Management • Universal In-box: e-mail, news, fax, voice mail • Notification redirection: e.g., e-mail, pager • Home networking and control of “smart” spaces, sensor/actuator integration • Build on experience with A/V equipped rooms in Soda Hall

6. ICEBERG Project Goals • Understand the implications for cellular network design based on IP technology • Cellular / IP interworking functionality • IP network provisioning for scalability • “Soft” QoS for delay-sensitive flows • Multinetwork mobility and security support • Understand how to • Encapsulate existing applications services like speech-to-text • Deploy and manage such computationally intensive services in the network • Integrate other kinds of services, like mobility and redirection, inside the network

7. Project Approach • Understanding three key research areas • Cellular / IP integration • Mobility Management • Wireless link management • Packet Scheduling in GPRS and W-CDMA • Reliable Link Protocols • Proxy- and Multicast-Enabled Services • Speech / Information dissemination • ProActive Infrastructure: NINJA • Computing resources spread among switching infrastructure • Computationally intensive services: e.g., voice-to-text • Service and server discovery • Security, authentication, and billing

8. Speech and Location Aware Applications ICEBERG Computer-Telephony Services Internet-Scale Systems Research Group Personal Information Management and “Smart Spaces” Distributed Videoconferencing & Room-scale Collaboration Speech and Location Aware Applications ICEBERG Computer-Telephony Services TranSend Extensible Proxy Services MASH Media Processing Services Active Services Architecture Distributed Computing Services: NINJA Computing and Communications Platform: Millennium/NOW

9. Universal In-box Transparent Information Access Speech-to-Text Speech-to-Voice Attached-Email Call-to-Pager/Email Notification Email-to-Speech All compositions of the above! Policy-based Location-based Activity-based

10. Cellular / IP Integration • Integrating a GSM BTS with an IP core network • Mapping IP signaling to SS7 radio management • Call admission and handoff • Mobility management interworking • Mobile IP uses home agent / foreign agent • GSM uses Home Location Register / Visiting Location Register • Handoff between Mobile IP and GSM networks • Scalability, security of Mobile IP? • Generalized redirection agents • User- or service-specified dynamic policy-based redirection • 1-800 service, email to pagers, etc. • Service mobility as a first class object

11. GSM BTS-IP Integration Interactive Voice Response Uses OM & TRAFFIC to simulate BSC, MSC, and HLR functionality Infocaster NetMeeting VAT PC 2 TRX Control Signaling Internet IP-PAD Signaling UPSim RBS 2202 Thor-2 E1 GPC board Ethernet Traffic E1: Voice @ 13kb/s Data @ 12kb/s GSM Phone Performs rate adaptation function of ZAK/TRAU PSTN H.323 GW

12. IAP IAP IAP IP WIP IAP Potentially Any Network Service (PANS) Same service in different networks Service handoff between networks 2-way Paging PSTN GSM/CDMA • Iceberg Access Points (More than gateways) • Provide policy engine • Handle routing, security IAP E.g., “follow me” service E.g., any-to-any service High BW IP core Diverse access links

13. Service Mobility as aFirst-Class Object Universal Names: Globally unique IDs “Randy@Berkeley” OfficePSTN (Teaching): 510-642-8778 OfficePSTN (Chair): 510-642-0253 DeskIP: dreadnaught.cs.berkeley.edu:555 LaptopIP: polo.cs.berkeley.edu:555 PCS: 510-555-8778 Cellular: 510-555-1998 E-mail: randy@cs.berkeley.edu Home: 415-555-5555 An Entity has a universal name and a profile; Entities are people or processes Profile: set of domain-specific names

14. Wireless Link Management • Modeling GSM media access, link, routing, and transport layers • Validated ns modeling suite and BONES simulator • GSM channel error models from Ericsson • QoS and link scheduling for next generation links • High Speed Circuit Switched Data (HSCSD), General Packet Radio System (GPRS), and Wideband CDMA (W-CDMA) • RSVP signaling integration with bottleneck link scheduling • Reliable Link Protocols • Wireless links have high error rates (> 1%) • Reliable transport protocols (TCP) interpret errors as congestion • Solution is ARQ protocol, but retransmissions introduce jitter

15. New Services • Encapsulating complex data transformations • Speech-to-text, text-to-speech • Composition of services • Voice mail-to-email, email-to-voice mail • Location-aware information services • E.g., traffic reports • Multicast-enabled information services • Multilayered multicast: increasing level of detail as number of subscribed layers increase

16. Gateway Cell Phone Service Entity Room Control RMI RTP UDP Simja Server IP-Pad (BTS) Room (MASH) Entity Barbara Entity Emre Simulated Ninja Environment • Speech is the ubiquitous access method • Access from millions of phones (analog to digital cellular)

17. Interactive Voice Response to A/V Devices Application • First application: Controlling A/V devices • Next application: Personal Information Mgmt (PIM) A/V Devices Path ICSI Speech Recognizer Text to Command Room Entity Audio Text Cmd Microphone Cell phone Response to Client

18. Conclusions and Status • IP-based backbone for cellular networks • Mobility and service interoperability in the context of diverse access networks • Performance issues: GPRS scheduling and IP scaling for mobile telephony applications • New services: Smart Spaces and PIM • Large-scale testbed deployment is progressing • Automatic path creation • Service handoff: Passing metadata across/through networks • IVR: More applications and devices (WindowsCE) • Service location and discovery • RLP implementation in IP-PAD