WILBUR WRIGHT 1867-1912

1. WILBUR WRIGHT 1867-1912 ORVILLE WRIGHT 1871-1948

2. Question: As you ride in a jet airplane, the clouds are passing you at 600 mph. The air just in front of one of the huge jet engine intake ducts is traveling • much faster than 600 mph. • much slower than 600 mph. • about 600 mph.

3. Observations About Airplanes • They support themselves in the air • They seem to follow their tilt, up or down • They need airspeed to fly • They can rise only so quickly • Their wings often change shape in flight • They have various propulsion systems

4. OVERVIEW HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF AIRPLANES (PIONEERS OF AIRPLANES) BRILLIANT IDEA OF WRIGHT BROTHERS WRIGHT BROTHERS-INVENTING THE PLANE

5. PIONEERS OF AVIATION SIR GEORGE CAYLEY OTTO LILIENTHAL SAMUEL LANGLEY OCTAVE CHANUTE

6. SIR GEORGE CAYLEY The Father of AVIATION

7. OTTO LILIENTHAL The German Glider King

8. OCTAVE CHANUTE Successfully Developed Man-Carrying Gliders

9. SAMUEL LANGLEY Developed Aerodrome No-5 Powered by Steam-Engine

10. Positive Effect • Airplanes make it easier for people to travel. • Safe way to travel long distances. • Quick way to travel from one place to another. • Lets people see countries that they have never seen before. It’s a way that different cultures can be seen and learned. • Allows leaders of countries to be able to communicate and have conferences. • Helps the process of discussing buisness. Makes it easier for a client to travel.

11. Negative Effect • Made wars more violent and deadly. • Airplanes were used in national disasters such as the events that occurred on September 11,2001. • Responsible for a great number of deaths throughout past wars. • Are not 100% guaranteed to complete the flight. There have been many past instances of plane crashes and unexpected problems.

12. Cost • Average cost of a 747 Boeing Commercial airplane is around 165 million dollars. • Business or personal jets are around 35 million dollars. • An average plane ticket from Boston to Florida is close to 200 dollars round trip. • A flight from California to Miami in a private Jet can cost 10,000 dollars to 15,000 dollars.

13. Advances • First airplane was a single engine, one seat plane that didn’t have a long flight time. • Now a days, planes have multiple engines and can seat hundreds of people.

14. Advances • The gas fuel tanks on an average commercial plane can hold a large amount of fuel • In a 10 hour flight, a plane can burn through 36,000 gallons of fuel. That’s 5 gallons per fuel mile.

15. Future • The future of airplanes brings a safer, faster, smarter and stronger way to fly an airplane. • With new technology, flying may one day be as easy as driving a car.

16. Future • NASA is starting to take their plans and build their products of the future. They are taking their new models and running them through wind tunnels and test benches. • NASA has been reported saying that in the near future, there will be a release of PAV’s which stands for Personal Air Vehicles.

17. New TechnologyFuture of Airplanes Jerry Carlow’s joined wing design Very precise and fast

18. Problems • A major problem that can occur in an aircraft is wing failure. • Corrosion is a common problem in aging aircrafts. If corrosion spreads throughout the airplane, most likely the airplane will be striped down to fix the problem.

19. Problems • On December 19, 2005 there was a disaster where an airplane crashed into the open water. It was found out that there was an explosion in the wing due to a small crack. • Structural failure is the cause for most airplane crashes.

20. What Causes an Airplane to Fly? Push! The Bros.

21. Newton’s Third Law • For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. • What does this have to do with flight?

22. Thrust • The goal of a jet engine is to produce thrust. The engine pushes air molecules out the exhaust end of the turbine to generate a high speed jet of exhaust gas. THRUST!

23. Thrust from the engine moves the airplane forward.

24. Jet Engines, Part 1 • Jet engines pump air toward rear of plane • Engine consists of an oval “ball” with a complicated duct or passageway through it • Air inside the duct exchanges pressure andspeed repeatedly • Engine addsenergy to airinside the duct

25. Jet Engines, Part 2 • Air entering diffuser slows and pressure rises • Compressor does work on air • Fuel is added to air and that mixture is burned • Expanding exhaust gas does work on turbine • As exhaust leavesnozzle it speeds upand pressure drops

26. Jet Engines, Part 3 • Turbojet moves too little air and changes that air’s speed too much • Too much energy • Too little momentum • Turbofan movesmore air and gives itless energy

27. Question: As you ride in a jet airplane, the clouds are passing you at 600 mph. The air just in front of one of the huge jet engine intake ducts is traveling • much faster than 600 mph. • much slower than 600 mph. • about 600 mph.

28. Drag • As the plane moves forward the air around it creates a force called Drag. • Drag resists the movement of the airplane. • Drag is the same as friction!

29. Lift • How does an airplane create lift? • We can look to our fine feathered friends for the answer

30. Lift • Air moves faster over the wing than underneath it. • Because faster air exerts less pressure than slower moving air………………………..

31. Lift • ……………....The pressure underneath the wings lifts the plane off the ground

32. Lifting Wing • Under the wing, • air bends away from wing • pressure rises, speed drops • Over the wing, • air bends toward wing • pressure drops, speed rises • Wing experiences strong upward lift, little drag • Wing pushes air down, air pushes wing up!

33. At Take-Off • Wing starts withsymmetric airflow • Wing starts with no lift • Airflow becomes unstableat the trailing edge bend • The wing sheds a vortex • After the vortex leaves, the wing has lift

34. Angle of Attack • A wing’s lift depends on • shape of the airfoil • angle of attack • Since wing is attached to plane body, the whole plane tilts to change angle of attack • Too large an angle of attack causes the wing to “stall” – airflow separation

35. Stalled Wing • Upper boundary layerstops heading forward • Upper airstream detachesfrom wing’s top surface • Lift is reduced • Pressure drag appears • Wing can’t support plane

36. Wing Shape • Asymmetric airfoils produce large lifts • well suited to low-speed flight • Symmetric airfoils produce small lifts • well suited to high-speed flight • can fly inverted easily • High-speed planes often change wing shape in flight

37. Orientation Control • Three orientation controls: • Angle of attack controlled by elevators • Left-right tilt controlled by ailerons • Left-right rotation controlled by rudder • Steering involves ailerons and rudder • Elevation involves elevators and engine

38. Airfoils Stunt Planes Shallow angle of attack Supersonic Fighters Steep angle of attack

39. Airplane Parts that Keep the Plane in the Air • The tail wings are also commonly known as vertical and horizontal stabilizers. • The tail assembly is also called the empennage. • The rudder and elevators, on the tail wings, steer the plane side to side or up and down. • The spoilers and ailerons have similar functions: to help keep the plane steady and to steer the plane from side to side.

40. More Plane Parts

41. Flight • To stay in level flight the following relationships must be true; • A) Lift = C) Weight • B) Thrust = D) Drag

42. Test Your Knowledge ! Match term with letter. Weight Drag Lift Thrust A_______ B________ C________ D________

43. BRILLIANT IDEA OF WRIGHT BROTHERS

44. WRIGHT BROTHERSINVENTING THE AIRPLANE In 1899,Wilbur built this kite to test new type of Control System for an aircraft and it worked

45. THE FIRST FULLY CONTROLLABLE AIRCRAFT In 1902,this glider is Successful in ROLL, PITCH and YAW Controls

46. THE WRIGHT BROTHERS FIRST POWERED AIRCRAFT In 1903,they made the first sustained,controlledFlights in a powered Aircraft

47. THE WORLDS FIRST PRACTICAL AIRPLANE

48. Security • Security provides a safe environment for aircrafts and all passengers both inside and outside of the plane. • Security checkpoints are zones that everyone has to go through before boarding the plane. • Flaws in security in the past have left tragedy and disaster. • Any threats are immediately taken care of so things don’t get out of hand.

49. Use • Commercial planes provide transportation for passengers from state to state and from country to country. • Private jets are smaller planes that are a more expensive way to travel. • Blimps are seen at local sporting events covering footage. • Aircrafts used to transport people who are in danger or in need of a hospital.

50. Wars • The first war to use air crafts was in World War I • Since the first world war, almost every war after has used airplanes. • Aircrafts transport troops as well as vehicles.