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Engineer Basic Officer Leader Course Construction Site Investigations

Engineer Basic Officer Leader Course Construction Site Investigations. Terminal Learning Objective. ACTION: Direct a construction site investigation CONDITION: Given Construction Site Investigations handouts for EOBC BD 02-02, FM 5-410, FM 5-233, FM 5-430-00-1, pencil and paper.

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Engineer Basic Officer Leader Course Construction Site Investigations

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  1. Engineer Basic Officer Leader CourseConstruction Site Investigations

  2. Terminal Learning Objective ACTION: Direct a construction site investigation CONDITION: Given Construction Site Investigations handouts for EOBC BD 02-02, FM 5-410, FM 5-233, FM 5-430-00-1, pencil and paper

  3. Terminal Learning Objective STANDARD: Directed a construction site investigation to include; ensured proper survey and staking procedures were followed, identified the engineering properties of rocks available for construction, analyzed soil classification test results, planned for California Bearing Ratio testing of soil, conducted quality control procedures, and planned for soil stabilization.

  4. Administrative Data • Safety Requirements: None • Risk Assessment Level: Low • Environmental Considerations: No major considerations • Evaluation: You must achieve a minimum passing score of 70 percent on the Horizontal Construction Exam (BD-02-16)

  5. CSE • Cbt Hvy Bn • Corps Whld Bn • Div. & Cps Hqs • Engr Gp (Const) • DPW’s Who do they work for? (S-3) Plans & Ops CMS (21T) Technical EngineeringSpecialist (in a perfect world!) • Surveying • Construction Surveys • Site Layout • Construction Stakes • Geodimeter and Terra Model • Horizontal and Vertical curves • Road & Airfield Design • Perform Quality Control • Soils Engineering • Classify soil types • Perform sieve analysis • Determine CBR of soil types • Determine moisture and density of soil • Utilize stabilization methods • Perform Quality Control • DRAFTING • AUTOCAD Drafting • AFCS and TCMS • Base-camp Layout • Road & Airfield Design • Sight Sketching • Ensure Design Specifications are met!

  6. Enabling Learning Objective A ACTION: Identify the phases of construction surveying CONDITION: Given FM 5-233, student handouts for EOBC BD 02-02, pencil and paper STANDARD:Identified the four phases of construction surveying to include; reconnaissance, preliminary, final location, and construction layout.

  7. Construction Surveying Phases • Reconnaissance Survey • Preliminary Survey • Final Location Survey • Construction Layout Pg 3 Workbook

  8. Reconnaissance Survey • An extensive study of the area • Eliminates unsuitable locations and identifies the more promising areas for construction • Includes all possible routes and sites • “Big Picture” Pg 3 Workbook

  9. Preliminary Survey • Detailed study of the proposed locations(s) • Establishes horizontal control (traverse) • Establishes vertical control (elevation) • A topographic map and site plan are created • Fine tune the “Big Picture” Pg 4 Workbook

  10. Final Location Survey • Layout the final centerline • Critical points are referenced to facilitate their replacement • Once centerline is established, cross section surveys are conducted so that end area cut/fills can be determined. • Gathering of data required to design Pg 4&5 Workbook

  11. Construction Layout Survey • Provides alignment, grades, and locations on the project site • Surveyors must keep a step ahead of construction • Stakes required to construct Pg 5 Workbook

  12. Construction Stakes Used to transfer the engineers design from the construction blueprints to the ground surface by indicating where and how much to cut and fill.

  13. Centerline stakes SCALE 0' 100' 300' 200' 10+00 5+00 0+00 Reference stakes Staking Procedures

  14. 100 feet Centerline stakes C L 1 + 0 0 Distance from ‘BOP’ Beginning Of Project Road Centerline Centerline Stakes

  15. C L Centerline Stakes Cut (C), Fill (F) or Grade (G) Denotes Centerline F 80+00 42 Station Number The amount of Cut or Fill in feet and tenths of feet FRONT BACK Pg 6 Workbook

  16. C L Centerline Stakes Cut (C), Fill (F) or Grade (G) Denotes Centerline G Station Number 2+50 FRONT BACK Pg 6 Workbook

  17. F C If the result is negative (-), it indicates a fill; if it is positive (+), it indicates a cut. Existing Elevation Proposed Elevation Cut (C) or Fill (F) 245.2’ F 0.5' 244.7' C 0.5' 347.7' 348.2' 150.5' C 4.8' 145.7' 800.6' 798.6' F 2.0’ Determining Cut and Fill Cut or Fill = Existing Elevation – Proposed Elevation 117.0’ 112.1' - 117.0' = - 4.9' Fill 112.1' Cut 112.1' - 110.2' = + 1.9' 110.2’ Pg 8 Workbook

  18. 64.3’ Benchmark (BM) Elevation = 65.06’ Ground Elevation = HI – FS = 68.31 – 4.0 = 64.3 C C L L Cross Section Leveling STATION 3+00 Back Sight(BS) = 3.25’ Fore Sight FS = 4.0’ STATION 2+00 Height of Instrument HI = BM + BS = 65.06 + 3.25 = 68.31 STATION 1+00 Proposed Centerline Pg 9 Workbook

  19. 3.1’ 5.0’ HI - FS = ground elevation 65.2’@ 34’ left STATION 3+00 63.3’@ 20’ left 3.9’ 90° 64.4’@ 5’ left 64.3’ STATION 2+00 4.8’ 63.5’@ 15’right 3.9’ STATION 1+00 64.4’@ 37’right C L Cross Section Leveling Height of Instrument (HI) = 68.31’ DRAWING NOT TO SCALE / 3D Pg 9 Workbook

  20. 68’ 68’ Proposed Grade 66’ 66’ FILL 64’ 64’ 62’ 62’ Existing Grade STATION 2+00 60’ 60’ 30’ 20’ 10’ 10’ 20’ 30’ 40’ Cross Section Drawing Vertical Scale 1” = 2’ Horiz. Scale 1” = 10’ C L

  21. SHOULDER STAKES SLOPE STAKE (CUT) CENTERLINE STAKES ROADKILL STEAK OFFSET STAKE SLOPE STAKE (FILL) Stakes Used in a Road Layout Pg 10 Workbook

  22. 31.0' 10.0' 8.5' 7.0' 4.0' 11.5' C L 80 + 00 Existing Ground Shoulder 45’ Degree Angle Ditch Proposed Roadway 1 1 CUT (C) Slope Stake Placement

  23. C L 0 4 Distance from where the cut or fill slope intersects the existing ground Slope Stakes Earthwork at this station Cut or Fill (C or F) C 80 + 00 6 Station number 1/1 31 Slope ratio of cut or fill slope FRONT BACK Pg 6 Workbook

  24. 31.0' 10.0' 8.5' 7.0' 4.0' 11.5' C L 80 + 00 Shoulder 1 Ditch 1 Roadway 45’ Degree Angle CUT (C) Offset Stake Placement

  25. C L 6 1 0 10 Distance from where the cut or fill slope intersects the existing ground Offset Stakes Earthwork at this station (C or F) C The amount of Cut or Fill (If offset stake is at different elevation than slope stake, the cut or fill must be increased or decreased by the difference in elevation) 80 + 00 Station number 31 1/1 Slope ratio of cut or fill slope Distance from the slope stake to the offset stake BACK FRONT Pg 7 Workbook

  26. 6 2 2 Culvert Stakes Vertical distance to the culvert invert Denotes culvert CULVERT 4 Distance from stake to center line Station number of culvert at center line 43+71.33 FRONT BACK Pg 7 Workbook

  27. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C L Layout of a Culvert Toe of fill of roadway PLAN VIEW . Location of proposed Culvert PROFILE VIEW

  28. Batter Boards String line LOCATION OF THE INVERT OF THE PIPE Locating the Culvert

  29. Summary and Review • ACTION: Identify the different phases of construction surveying • Types of surveys • Reconnaissance - “Big Picture” • Preliminary - “Fine Tune Big Picture” • Final Location – “Details to Design” • Construction Layout – “Stakes to Build” • Back Sighting, Fore Sighting, and Instrument Height. • Construction Stakes Questions???

  30. Check on Learning Q: What is the purpose of adding the back-sight rod reading to the bench march elevation? A: To determine what the height of your instrument is. Q: What does a negative and a positive number represent when subtracting the proposed elevation from the existing elevation? A: A negative number indicates a fill and a positive indicates a cut. Q: Which phase of construction surveying is the horizontal and vertical control established? A: The Preliminary Survey Q: What are the different stakes used to layout a road? A: Centerline stakes, Shoulder stakes, Slope stakes, and Offset stakes

  31. Enabling Learning Objective B ACTION:Identify engineering properties of rocks CONDITIONS: Given student handouts for EOBC BD 02-02, pencil and paper STANDARD: Identified engineering properties of rocks, how they were formed, how they are classified, and how they can be used as a construction material.

  32. The Formation Process

  33. The Rock Cycle MAGMA OR LAVA (MOLTEN ROCK) CRYSTALLIZATION (COOLING AND SOLIDIFICATION) MELTING METAMORPHIC ROCK IGNEOUS ROCK WEATHERING, EROSION, AND DEPOSITION METAMORPHISM (HEAT AND PRESSURE) SEDIMENT (UNCONSOLIDATED DEPOSITS) SEDIMENTARY ROCK LITHIFICATION (CEMENTATION AND COMPACTION) Pg 12 Workbook

  34. Three Broad Classes • IGNEOUS - Rocks thatcrystallize from molten rock material (either magma or lava). • SEDIMENTARY - Rocks that are composed of individual grains that have been cemented or compacted, crystals that have precipitated from solution, or consolidated organic matter. • METAMORPHIC - Rocks derived from pre-existing rocks that have been subjected to intense heat and/or pressure. Pg 12 Workbook

  35. Toughness • Hardness • Density • Durability • Chemical Stability • Crushed Shape • Surface Character Engineering Properties Of Rocks Preliminary engineering estimates can be made on the properties of the rock if the type of rock is not known. Suitability for construction and identification of the rock can be determined through the following tests: Pg 14 Workbook

  36. Engineering Properties Of Rocks Toughness: Strength. Resistance to crushing or breaking. Attempt to break with a hammer Hardness: Resistance to scratching or abrasion using knife blade Density: Weight per unit volume. The denser the rock, the heavier it is. The higher the density, the better construction properties the rock would have

  37. Engineering Properties Of Rocks Durability: Resistance to slaking or disintegration due to alternating cycles of wetting and drying or freezing and thawing Chemical Stability: Resistance to reaction with alkali materials in Portland cements Crushed Shape: Shape rock takes on after crushing Surface Character: Bonding characteristics

  38. M = Metamorphic I = Igneous S = Sedimentary Very fine-grained; splits along thin cracks Slate Metallic reflection; splits into slabs and flakes or thin semitransparent sheets Schist Foliated Table 1-5 Identification of Geologic Materials Contains streaks or bands of light and dark minerals; breaks to bulky, angular fragments Gneiss Light colored; lightweight; easily crushed Frothy Pumice Hardness Characteristics Dark colored; cindery Scoria Not scratched by a steel file Very Hard Light colored; massive; extremely hard Table 1-6 Field-Estimating Rock Hardness Quartz Glassy Hard Scatched by a steel file but difficult or impossible to scratch with a steel knife blade (or nail) Dark colored; may have some gas bubbles Obsidian Earthy, clay odor; platy Shale Very Fine-Grained No acid reaction May have small pieces of glass; low density Tuff Soft Moderately Hard Scratched by a knife but not by a copper coin Sugary appearance Marble Acid reaction Dull and massive Limestone Soft Scratched by a copper coin Stony Waxy; very hard; weathers to soft white Chert Very Soft Scratched by a fingernail Dull; may contain some gas bubbles or visible crystals Felsite Basalt Light coloredDark colored Hard Gritty sandpaper feel Sugary; not gritty Sandstone Quartzite Sandy; mostly one mineral (quartz) Sandy; mostly one mineral (quartz) Gritty sandpaper feel Sugary; not gritty Sandstone Quartzite Hard Mixed minerals; salt-and-pepper appearance Light coloredDark colored Granite Gabbro-diorite Coarse-Grained Fragmental; appearance of broken concrete Conglomerate Fragmental; may contain small pieces of glass Low density Tuff FM 5-410 pg 1-19 & 1-20 Soft Sugary appearance Marble Acid reaction Pg 2 & 3 C & T Shell fragments Limestone

  39. Table 1-8 Engineering Properties of Rocks Use as aggregates Use as base course or subbase Chemical stability Surface character Crushed shape Rock Type Toughness Hardness Durability Concrete Asphalt Granite Good Good Good Excellent Good Good Fair to Good Fair to Good Fair to Good** Syenite Good Good Good Excellent Good Good Good Good Fair to Good Gabbro diorite Excellent Excellent Excellent Excellent Excellent Good Excellent Excellent Excellent Diabase Basalt Excellent Excellent Excellent Excellent Excellent Fair Excellent Excellent Excellent Felsite Excellent Good Good Fair Fair Poor* Fair Questionable Fair to Good Conglomerate breccia Poor Poor Poor Good Fair Poor Poor Poor Variable Sandstone Good Good Good Variable Variable Variable Poor to Fair Poor to Fair Fair to Good Shale Poor Poor Poor Poor Poor Poor Poor Questionable Fair to Good Limestone Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Fair to Good Fair to Good Dolomite Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Fair to Good Chert Good Excellent Poor Poor Fair Poor Poor* Poor** Poor to Fair Gneiss Good Good Good Excellent Good Good Good Good Good to Fair Schist Good Good Fair Excellent Poor to Fair Poor to Fair Poor to Fair Poor to Fair Poor to Fair Slate Good Good Excellent Good Poor Poor Poor Poor Fair to Good Quartzite Excellent Excellent Excellent Excellent Fair Good Good to Fair Fair to Good** Fair to Good Marble Good Fair Good Good Good Good Fair Fair Fair * Reacts (alkali-aggregate) ** Use anti-stripping agents Pg 4 C & T

  40. Summary and Review ACTION:Identify rocks and their engineering properties • The Formation Process (Rock Cycle) • Rock Identification (Page 2&3 of C&T)) • Engineering Properties of Rock (Page 4 of C&T) Questions???

  41. Check on Learning Q: If a rock can be scratched by a nail or a steel knife, but cannot be scratched with a copper coin, What would be its hardness rating? A: Moderately Hard (Page 2&3 of C&T) Q: Where would you look to determine which rock types are recommended for use in construction. A: Table 1-8 on page 4 of your Student Handout Q: Of the three broad groups of rocks, Which is generally the hardest to crush. (the toughest) A: Igneous Rocks. (Pg 12 SH and Pg 4 C&T)

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