1 / 23

HYBRIDIZATION OF ATOMIC ORBITALS

UNDERSTANDING MOLECULAR GEOMETRIES. PREDICTED BY VSEPR. H. H. C. H. H. FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF. HYBRIDIZATION OF ATOMIC ORBITALS. Atoms. Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen Nitrogen Phosphorus Chlorine. Molecules. Methane Formaldehyde Hydrogen cyanide Phosphorus pentachloride.

overton
Download Presentation

HYBRIDIZATION OF ATOMIC ORBITALS

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. UNDERSTANDING MOLECULAR GEOMETRIES PREDICTED BY VSEPR H H C H H FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF HYBRIDIZATION OF ATOMIC ORBITALS

  2. Atoms • Carbon • Hydrogen • Oxygen • Nitrogen • Phosphorus • Chlorine Molecules • Methane • Formaldehyde • Hydrogen cyanide • Phosphorus pentachloride What are the building blocks? • Subatomic particles • Protons • Electrons • s orbital • p orbital • d orbital • Hybrids

  3. Electron, Both wave and particle

  4. Electron: Both wave and particle

  5. FORCE & ENERGY The forces at work are: Electromagnetic: Repulsion of like charges: proton-proton and electron-electronAttraction of unlike charges:proton-electron. Magnetic: Electron spin introduces magnetic forces. Electrons with opposite spins produce opposite magnetic poles. Opposite magnetic poles attract. Opposite spin is required for electrons to occupy the same orbital. N S S N

  6. FORCE & ENERGY The Energies involved: Electron (orbital) Potential Energy: 4p 3d 4s ENERGY LEVEL 3p 3s 2p 2s 1s

  7. 109.5o 120o 90o 180o MATHEMATICS Bond Angles

  8. s, p, & d Orbitals p Orbitals Px Px Pz Pz Py Py

  9. H C H H H Methane building blocks C H H H C H H VSEPR

  10. 3 sp 1s 2s 2px 2py 2pz sp3 sp3 sp3 sp3 y Hybridize Promote x 109.5o z Methane: Carbon

  11. H C O O H CH2O Formaldehyde H O C 120o H C H VSEPR

  12. 2 sp 1s 2s 2px 2py 2pz sp2 sp2 sp2 Hybridized Promoted 120o TrigonalPlanar 120o 2s + 2px + 2pz Formaldehyde: Carbon

  13. 2 sp 1s 2s 2px 2py 2pz sp2 sp2 sp2 Hybridized Lone Pairs 120o TrigonalPlanar 120o 2s + 2px + 2pz Formaldehyde: Oxygen

  14. Formaldehyde Sigma bond  bond

  15. N H C N C H Hydrogen Cyanide HCN H N C

  16. N H C 1s 2s 2px 2py 2pz sp sp Hybridized Promoted sp Linear 2s + 2px Hydrogen Cyanide: Carbon

  17. N H C 1s 2s 2px 2py 2pz sp sp Hybridized sp Linear 2s + 2px Hydrogen Cyanide: Nitrogen

  18. Hydrogen Cyanide HCN N C  bond Sigma bond  bond N H C

  19. Cl Cl Cl P Cl Cl PCl5 Phosphorus Pentachloride Cl P Cl Cl Cl P Cl Cl VSEPR

  20. 3 sp d sp3d sp3d sp3d sp3d sp3d Neon 2 3s 3px 3py 3pz dxz dyz dxy dx2-y2 dz2 Hybridized 90o Promoted 120o TrigonalBipyrimidal 120o Phosphorus Pentachloride: Phosphorus

  21. Cl Cl Cl Cl Cl P

  22. UNDERSTANDING MOLECULAR GEOMETRIES PREDICTED BY VSEPR H H C H H FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF HYBRIDIZATION OF ATOMIC ORBITALS

More Related