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Remote Retrieval of Synchrophasor & POW Data Conceptual Testing in a Lab Environment

Remote Retrieval of Synchrophasor & POW Data Conceptual Testing in a Lab Environment. Caitlin Martin Electrical Engineer Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) Spring 2012. Definitions.

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Remote Retrieval of Synchrophasor & POW Data Conceptual Testing in a Lab Environment

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  1. Remote Retrieval of Synchrophasor & POW DataConceptual Testing in a Lab Environment Caitlin Martin Electrical Engineer Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) Spring 2012

  2. Definitions • Synchrophasor- Phasors, consisting of magnitude and phase, sampled at the same time. Synchronous phasor = Synchrophasor. • Point on Wave (POW) data- Oscillography captured in a file. File types vary, but the most universal is COMTRADE (IEEE C37.111). • Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU)-A device that quickly measures currents and voltages and puts them into a synchrophasor protocol datastream. PMU functionality is commonly implemented into a relay or Digital Fault Recorder (DFR). • Phasor Data Concentrator (PDC)- An end device that collects sychrophasors from multiple PMUs. The PDC can be located at the substation collecting from multiple PMUs before sending to a master PDC, or there can be a single master PDC. Martin, Caitlin

  3. Project Introduction

  4. Project • In a lab environment conceptually prove a way to collect synchrophasor datastreams and POW event files from a PMU. • Synchrophasor data has been collected from PMUs for at least the past 10 years. • These PMUs where not as accurate or reliable as they are today, and were typically running over serial connections; Therefore they were sampled at much lower rates. • What is unique about this project is the addition of POW data from the PMUs going through the same communication equipment as the datastreams. Martin, Caitlin

  5. Lab Equipment Diagram Central PC Router Switch PMU 2 PMU 1 Local PC 1 (XP) Local PC 2 (7) Martin, Caitlin

  6. Synchrophasor Datastream

  7. Why Would you want Centrally Located Synchrophasor data? • Synchrophasors are fairly new to the Electric Power industry, but the uses are very promising. • Synchronizing the data system wide means that data can be compared within a large area, called Wide Area Measurements. • One of the uses is as a complementary system to Special Protection Schemes which look at the system on a wide scale and monitor for voltage dips and frequency deviations. These are symptoms of a failing power system where black outs can occur if action is not taken to rebalance the system by cutting off generation or load. • Another and more common use is for post fault analysis. This is more common only because the technology is new and I have not heard of any utility issuing controls based on synchrophasor data. A fault can be a simple local fault on equipment or a line, or can be a larger multi-line or multi-equipment fault. • Synchrophasor data can also be used to replace old technology like transducers and provide SCADA indication. Martin, Caitlin

  8. Why Would you want Centrally Located Synchrophasor data? Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, based on Oklahoma Gas & Electric system disturbance data http://powersectorworld.blogspot.com/2012/03/new-technology-can-improve-electric.html Martin, Caitlin

  9. How is Synchrophasor Data Streamed? • Synchrophasor data uses the standard protocol IEEE C37.118-2005. The standard specifies data formatting and accepted variances. • There are two types of messages in the protocol that are used in this project: • Configuration Frame • Sent once a minute at the top of the minute and holds critical information, like format of data and naming. • Data Frame • The data frame in this lab is sent 60 times a second. It contains only the data and is meaningless without a configuration frame. Martin, Caitlin

  10. How is Synchrophasor data streamed? • Synchrophasor data will be streamed over UDP (User Datagram Protocol) because it is time sensitive data. • UDP has less validation that every packet makes it to the user, but is much faster than the three way hand shaking used in TCP (Transmission Control Protocol). • There can be added administrative monitoring that can spot communication problems, but will not be able to have the end device resend any packets. No network monitoring was included in the lab. Martin, Caitlin

  11. What goes into a Synchrophasor Datastream? Bus Voltage C37.118 Line Current 1 PMU 1 Line Current 2 Line Current 3 Breaker Status Martin, Caitlin

  12. How is Synchrophasor data streamed? • The synchrophasor datastreams in the lab use multicast communications, but could be configured for unicast. • This will allow multiple PDC’s to view the same datastream without complete duplication, conserving bandwidth to be used only when requested. • Synchrophasor datastreams can be requested to start and stop from commands from the PDC, or it can be streamed continuously from the PMU. • A continuous datastream is preferred in this project. The PMU will continually send a datastream to the local switch, but will never get through the router until it is requested by a device to join the multicast group. Martin, Caitlin

  13. How is Synchrophasor data streamed? Multicast join requests: PDC PDC Request Request C37.118 C37.118 C37.118 Router Router Switch C37.118 PMU 1 Martin, Caitlin

  14. Lab Equipment Diagramwith Datastream Flow Central PC Router Switch C37.118 C37.118 PMU 2 PMU 1 Local PC 1 (XP) Local PC 2 (7) Martin, Caitlin

  15. POW Event Data

  16. Why is POW Data Needed too? • POW data is different than synchrophasor data. • POW data is sampled at a much higher rate than synchrophasor data, approximately ranging from 1kHz to 6kHz, and is stored in a file. • Synchrophasor data is sampled less often, approximately ranging from 30Hz to 60Hz, and is sent in a datastream as packets. Synchrophasor data also requires high accuracy sampling and timing. • POW data has been used for a long time for post fault analysis. • The high resolution of this data makes it optimal for viewing transients on the system and thus used to diagnose failed or failing devices. • Centralizing this data allows more people to access the data. • The PMU has limited memory allocated for POW data. This means that, depending on the length and resolution of the capture, it could only store one event at a time. • It is important that the local PC will FTP the event out of the PMU before another event occurs and overwrites what is stored on the PMU. Martin, Caitlin

  17. POW Data Capture • POW event data example capture. Notice the time resolution is in the milliseconds.

  18. How can POW data be locally retrieved? • The PMU that we are using is an SEL-487E relay with synchrophasor capabilities. There are many pieces of software out there to remotely retrieve POW data from relays. • To keep the project scope reasonable only software that is currently in use at BPA was considered. • This reduces the cost of additional software licenses and maintenance agreements. • It can also mean that this software has been used and verified. • In this case I chose to use Wavewin software created by Softstuf inc. They are known for communicating with several vendor protocols, in this case the Local PC will just be FTPing events from the PMU. It will also be using IP Server to send data to the central PC. • The central PC will be running Wavewin as well, as an IP Client. Martin, Caitlin

  19. Lab Equipment Diagramwith POW Data Flow Polls over IP to central PC every minute Central PC Router FTP poll to local PC every 30 seconds Switch POW POW PMU 2 PMU 1 Local PC 1 (XP) Local PC 2 (7) Martin, Caitlin

  20. Conclusion

  21. What would it look like in the Field? PDC Central PC Synchrophasor data is being streamed continuously Polls over IP to central PC every day Substation 2: Substation 1: Router Router Switch Switch FTP poll to locale PC every 30 seconds PMU 2 Local PC 2 PMU 1 Local PC 1 Martin, Caitlin

  22. Increase Reliability with Redundancy PDC Central PC PDC Substation 1: Router 2 Router 1 Switch 2 Switch 1 PMU 2 PMU 1 Local PC 1 Martin, Caitlin

  23. Will BPA use this? • I presented the project to BPA PMU experts and I expect that we will begin using Wavewin software for certain installations where they want POW data. • This means that I volunteered myself to do the configurations, and help maintain the central PC. • The POW data will be used for post fault analysis and model verifications. • This means redundancy isn’t as important in this application. Martin, Caitlin

  24. Lab Pictures PMU The SEL-487E was used because it has relaying functionality, like collecting POW events, and synchrophasors. Martin, Caitlin

  25. Lab Pictures Router & Switch The Cisco ASR1001 and CGS2520 were used in this project mainly based on availability. This was the biggest challenge for me because I do not have a background in communications. Both devices were programmed from command lines in a Terminal Emulator. Martin, Caitlin

  26. Lab Pictures Wavewin on the local PC The local PC is the substation hardened SEL-3354. Wavewin is running on the PC, where it is collecting and sending COMTRADEs. COMTRADE Files Martin, Caitlin

  27. WireShark Capture C37.118 Data Frame Voltage & Current Phasors As seen from the central PC Frequency Analogs (MW and MVAR) Digital Word (16 bits) Martin, Caitlin

  28. Thank you Feel free to send me any questions at MART6305@vandals.uidaho.edu Martin, Caitlin

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