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Chapter 11 Islamic Civilization

Chapter 11 Islamic Civilization. Islamic Civilization. Chapter Introduction Section 1 The Rise of Islam Section 2 Islamic Empires Section 3 Muslim Ways of Life Reading Review Chapter Assessment. Click on a hyperlink to view the corresponding slides. Islamic Civilization.

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Chapter 11 Islamic Civilization

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  1. Chapter 11 Islamic Civilization

  2. Islamic Civilization Chapter Introduction Section 1 The Rise of Islam Section 2 Islamic Empires Section 3 Muslim Ways of Life Reading Review Chapter Assessment Click on a hyperlink to view the corresponding slides.

  3. Islamic Civilization

  4. The Rise of Islam Get Ready to Read (cont.) Focusing on the Main Ideas •  • The prophet Muhammad brought the message of Islam to the people of Arabia. • The Quran provided guidelines for Muslims’ lives and the governments of Muslim states

  5. The Rise of Islam Get Ready to Read (cont.) Locating Places • Makkah (MAK·kuh)  • Mecca Meeting People • Muhammad (moh·HAH·muhd)

  6. The Rise of Islam Daily Life in Early Arabia • Much of the Arabian peninsula is desert, although there are mountains in the southwest.  • Oases are green areas fed by an underground water source. • Early Arabs formed tribes that were headed by a sheikh. (pages 373–374)

  7. The Rise of Islam Daily Life in Early Arabia (cont.) • Makkah or Mecca was the largest and wealthiest trade center and is an important religious site visited by pilgrims. •  (pages 373–374)

  8. The Rise of Islam Muhammad: Islam’s Prophet • Muhammad was accepted as a prophet to the people of Arabia. • Muhammad was dissatisfied with the ways of his town leaders and went into the hills to pray. • There he was visited by an angel who told him to preach Islam. • Muhammad returned to Makkah and told people to worship one God, Allah. (pages 374–375)

  9. The Rise of Islam Muhammad: Islam’s Prophet (cont.) • Muhammad and his followers left Makkah for Yathrib.  • This journey is known as the Hijrah. (pages 374–375)

  10. The Rise of Islam Muhammad: Islam’s Prophet (cont.) • Muhammad used the laws he believed he had received from God to rule the people of Madinah, creating an Islamic state, or a government that uses its political power to uphold Islam. • Muhammad built an army to defend his new government. (pages 374–375)

  11. The Rise of Islam Muhammad: Islam’s Prophet (cont.) • The army conquered Makkah, and Muhammad returned to the holy city. • Muhammad died two years after his return. (pages 374–375)

  12. The Rise of Islam Why did wealthy merchants and religious leaders dislike Muhammad? Muhammad’s message appealed to poor people. If poor people became dissatisfied with their leaders, they might rebel. This threatened the power of the wealthy people.

  13. The Rise of Islam Islam’s Teachings • Islam, Judaism, and Christianity have some beliefs in common. • The Quran is the holy book of Islam. • Many moral teachings in the Quran are similar to those in the Bible.  • Many rules in the Quran apply to Muslims’ daily life. (pages 377–378)

  14. The Rise of Islam Islam’s Teachings (cont.) • The Five Pillars of Islam, or acts of worship, are to be followed by all Muslims. • The Five Pillars are belief, prayer, charity, fasting, and pilgrimage. (pages 377–378)

  15. The Rise of Islam Name some activities the Quran prohibits. The Quran prohibits murder, lying, gambling, stealing, eating pork, and drinking liquor.

  16. Islamic Empires Get Ready to Read (cont.) Focusing on the Main Ideas • Arabs spread Islam through preaching, conquest, and trade. • 

  17. Islamic Empires Get Ready to Read (cont.) Building Your Vocabulary • Shiite (SHEE·eyet) • Sunni (SU·nee)

  18. Islamic Empires The Spread of Islam (cont.) • The Islamic state soon became a great empire. • It was successful for several reasons.  • Arabs were good horsemen, good with a sword, and inspired by their religion.  • Muslims believed people who died fighting for Islam would go to paradise. (pages 380–381)

  19. Islamic Empires Struggles Within Islam • After Muhammad’s death, the Muslims split into two groups: the Sunnis and the Shiites. • The Shiites believed that Muhammad’s son-in-law, Ali, should succeed Muhammad and that all future caliphs should be descendents of Ali. • Sunnis believe that the Umayyad caliphs were rightful leaders. (pages 382–383)

  20. Islamic Empires Later Muslim Empires • The Ottoman Turks were a group of Turks in northwest Asia Minor who began to build their own empire. • They conquered the Byzantine Empire and changed the name of Constantinople to Istanbul in 1453. • The Ottoman army moved into Europe, Syria, Palestine, Egypt, Mesopotamia, and parts of Arabia and North Africa. (pages 384–386)

  21. Islamic Empires Later Muslim Empires (cont.) • The leader of the Ottomans was called a sultan. • The most famous sultan was Suleiman I.  • After the rule of Suleiman I, the Ottoman empire gradually fell apart, collapsing completely at the end of World War I. • The Ottoman empire was made up of different people who practiced different religions. (pages 384–386)

  22. Muslim Ways of Life Trade and Everyday Life •  • Mosques are Muslim houses of worship. (pages 388–390)

  23. Muslim Ways of Life Trade and Everyday Life (cont.) • Slaves made up the lower class.  • Men ran government, society, and business.  • Women helped run families.  • They could inherit wealth and own property, and in many places they had to cover their faces and wear long robes in public. • This clothing custom is called hijab. (pages 388–390)

  24. Muslim Ways of Life Why do women follow the custom of hijab? The teachings of Muhammad state that women’s clothing should not attract attention. Some women also think covering their faces and bodies allows them to be judged for themselves and not for their bodies.

  25. Islamic Civilization Review Main Ideas Section 2 Islamic Empires Why did the Muslims split into two groups? They disagreed over who should be caliph.

  26. Islamic Civilization Review Main Ideas Section 3 Muslim Ways of Life What scientific advances were made by early Muslims? They perfected the astrolabe, measured the earth, realized the earth was round, experimented with metals, founded chemistry, discovered that blood circulates and how diseases spread.

  27. Islamic Civilization Compare How are Islam, Judaism, and Christianity similar? The are monotheistic, have laws, and believe in an afterlife.

  28. The Middle East c. A.D. 600

  29. Abbasid Empire A.D. 800

  30. The Rise of Islam Camels are important to desert dwellers. They are sturdy animals that can go as long as seven days without water. Camels also have other adaptations that help them survive in the desert, such as two sets of eyelashes. A long pair protects their eyes from the harsh glare of the sun. The other, shorter pair keeps the sand out of their eyes.

  31. Islamic Empires Baghdad today is the capital of Iraq and one of the largest cities in the Middle East. The people of Baghdad have suffered two recent wars—the Gulf War of 1991 and the 2003 Iraq war.

  32. The Mystery of Smallpox

  33. Muhammad c. A.D. 570–632

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