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Common Lab Tests Specimen Collection

The Role of the Nurse in Specimen Collection. Explain the procedure to the clientCollect the right amount of specimenPut specimen in right containerLabel the container (with client name

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Common Lab Tests Specimen Collection

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    1. Common Lab Tests & Specimen Collection

    2. The Role of the Nurse in Specimen Collection Explain the procedure to the client Collect the right amount of specimen Put specimen in right container Label the container (with client name & date & time collected) & place in a plastic bag Complete the lab requisition Refrigerate if necessary Document anything unusual about spec.

    3. Collection of Specimens Always wear gloves during collection to prevent contact with blood/body fluids Specimens collected for culture & sensitivity (C&S) sent to lab ASAP or refrigerated May be embarrassing for client to give bodily fluids - provide privacy & handle substances discretely

    4. Collecting Urine Samples Random - routine urinalysis Clean, not sterile Give fluids 30 mins prior Void naturally No toilet tissue/feces in sample Put in fridge Fill in requisition Specific gravity, pH, glucose, blood

    5. Midstream or clean catch – test done for culture & sensitivity Sterile technique Cleanse with sterile water, povidine, etc Stop midway – initial flow washes away bacteria Want a specimen free from microorganisms from the lower urethra Refrigerate or lab within 10-20 mins Initial results 24-48 hrs; final reading 72 hrs

    6. Indwelling catheter – C & S Sterile technique Never from the urine collection bag Clamp below port, use sterile needle & syringe, cleanse with alcohol swab, withdraw 3-5 ml, release clamp

    7. Timed specimen - renal functioning 24 hr urine Pt voids, then begin the timing period No toilet tissue/stool in sample Container on ice or with a preservative Can’t miss any Collect the last urine at the end of the time

    8. Children - for either urinalysis or C&S Check every 15 mins

    9. Collecting Stool Specimens Need special containers Do not mix stool with urine Often stool samples needed X3 Amount needed size of a walnut (2.5cm or 15ml) Usually testing stool for OB, C&S, or O&P (ova & parasites)

    10. Collecting Blood Specimens Most routine blood specimens collected by lab techs Arterial blood specimens (for ABG’s) need pressure at the site for 5 minutes

    11. Collecting Sputum Specimens Must get sputum, not saliva Best specimen in early morning - easier to obtain, secretions have accumulated through the night, before eating/brushing teeth Several deep breaths & cough forcefully, expectorating into the container Not responsible for suctioning for spec.

    12. Collecting Gastric Specimens With an NG tube in place, aspirate stomach contents Can test for presence of blood or the pH of stomach

    13. Obtaining a Culture Swab Nose/throat Wound Vagina/urethra Skin All cultures sent to lab ASAP or refrigerated

    14. Common lab tests done on the unit Urine Stool for blood Blood for glucose (diabetics)

    15. Specific Gravity of Urine Measures the concentration of urine Normal is 1.010 - 1.025g/ml Overhydrated - urine more dilute, low specific gravity Dehydrated - urine more concentrated, high specific gravity Use a urinometer - bulb floats freely in a tube of urine

    16. Dip-Sticking Urine Glucose - should be negative Ketone Bodies - or acetone, should be negative Protein - should be negative Blood - should be negative pH - should be between 4.6 - 8 These are all tested as part of a urinalysis

    17. Checking for Blood in Stool FOBT – fecal occult blood test Should be negative If present, may be frank & bright red OR hidden Hidden blood called occult Stool appears black & tarry Check diet & meds Use a hemoccult slide & developer Blue color indicates a positive test for occult blood

    18. Blood Glucose Diabetics routinely check their sugars Can use a reagent strip or an electronic meter (more accurate) Use a sterile lancet to puncture the skin Wash hands with warm water - not alcohol Gloves on Normal range of 4-6 mmol/L or 70-120mg/100ml

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