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Section 2: Hebrews. Known as Israelites 1 st Civilization to practice monotheism Belief in only 1 God Religion known as Judaism Were nomadic traders Traveled from Ur to Mediterranean by foot. God of Abraham. Yahweh (god) made a deal w/ Abraham
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Known as Israelites • 1st Civilization to practice monotheism • Belief in only 1 God • Religion known as Judaism • Were nomadic traders • Traveled from Ur to Mediterranean by foot
God of Abraham • Yahweh (god) made a deal w/ Abraham • If obeyed his trust, his family could live in Canaan 4ever. • Yahweh did only what was just & right • Jacob (Abraham’s grandson) had 12 children which made 12 tribes • Settled in Egypt in 1900 BC b/c of drought
Moses & 10 Commandments • Exodus • Led by Moses, Hebrews escaped to Sinai Desert b/c they were Egyptian slaves for 600 years • Moses met with Yahweh on Mt. Sinai • Promised to bring them back to Canaan if they followed the 10 Commandments • Believed in social justice • Right to be treated fairly
Promised Land • Joshua = new leader • Life • Farmers & shepherds • Borrowed tools & alphabet from Canaanites • Lived in 1 room homes • Split into 2 levels
Kings • After Joshua died, 12 tribes split • Led by Council of Elders • David became King • Reunited Hebrews & defeated Canaanites • Established Jerusalem as capital • Wrote psalms (sacred songs)
Solomon was next King Trade & treaties w/ new nations Built Solomon’s temple from limestone & gold Never has been discovered After Solomon’s death, Hebrews split North = Israel South = ruled from Jerusalem or Judah
Prophets • People claiming to have messages from Yahweh • Criticized way ppl lived & said Yahweh was god of everyone • 722 BC – neighbors made North Israelites disappear • 586 BC – Judeans forced to Babylonia • Established the Sabbath • 516 BC – moved back to Jerusalem • Scribe Ezra wrote law of Moses = Torah