1 / 44

Evolution of Societal Understanding and Social Interaction

Explore the foundational theories in sociology and anthropology by prominent figures like Marx, Weber, Durkheim, and more. Understand social functions, values, and solidarity through historical contexts. Delve into the development of beliefs, laws, and social structures. Uncover the impact of rituals, craftsmanship, and social networks on human societies.

owense
Download Presentation

Evolution of Societal Understanding and Social Interaction

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Talcott Parson’s on social function and freedom • Thornstein Veblen on craftmanship • Alfred Radcliffe-Brown on Rituals and their meaning • William Sumner on folkways and value • George Simmel on social network • Ferdinand Toennis on 2 types of human will • Max Weber on Spirit of Capitalism • Karl Marx on Capitalism • Emile Durkheim on Solidarity and Division of Labor • Herbert Spencer on Conflict and Competition • Auguste Comte’s on Positivism and Religion DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIOLOGY AND ANTHROPOLOGY

  2. Marx solved this problem by introducing communism and revolution. As a student how would you solve this problem?

  3. AUGUSTE COMTE POSITIVE LAW NORMATIVE LAW NATURAL LAW

  4. POSITIVE LAW VS NORMATIVE LAW EMPIRICISM VALID: REPORTS ON SENSORY EXPERIENCE PHYSICAL WORLD OPERATES: ABSOLUTE LAW (S0 does Society) POSITIVE LAW VS NATURAL LAW NATURAL LAW : inherent/ provided by nature POSITIVE LAW : enacted or posited by man

  5. 3 STAGES OF KNOWLEDGE FOR COMTE: • Theological or religious stage • Metaphysical or abstract reasoning stage • Positive or scientific stage

  6. BY MERE OBSERVATION, HOW CAN YOU PROVE TO ME THAT THE WORLD IS NOT FLAT? • Renaissance • Religion vs. Science • Copernicus • Galileo

  7. TRADITIONS (CHURCH): EARTH AS CENTER OF THE UNIVERSE • Psalm 93:1, Psalm 96:10, 1 Chronicles 16:30 • “the world is firmly established, it cannot be moved.” • Psalm 104: 5 • “the Lord set the earth on its foundations; it can never be moved.” • Ecclesiastes 1:5 • “and the sun rises and sets and returns to its place” • Heliocentrism (telescope) vs. Geocentrism • Copernicus: parallax • Heresy = imprisoned

  8. PARALLAX (displacement) • as the viewpoint moves side to side, • CLOSE = faster, • FAR = slower. • The planet moves faster when nearer the Sun. (kepler)

  9. HERBERT SPENCER LIFE AS AN EVOLUTION (simple to complex) IS GOVERNED BY LAWS OF CONFLICT & COMPETITION SURVIVAL OF THE FITTEST = ONE CAN ADAPT TO THE CHANGES = PROGRESSION PRIMITIVE SOCIETIES VS INDUSTRIAL SOCIETIES

  10. PRIMITIVE SOCIETY: AFRAID OF CHANGES

  11. MARRIAGE IS FOREVER? MAN DIES: DI FOREVER PRACTICE OF LOVING SOMEONE: FOREVER

  12. SHARED VALUES AS SOMETHING THAT IS ENDURING

  13. 2 TYPES OF SOCIAL SOLIDARITY: DURKHEIM • MECHANICAL SOLIDARITY • Similar tasks • ORGANIC SOLIDARITY • Variable tasks

  14. MAX WEBER • belief systems can affect people’s actions • Subjectively and objectively • patterns in social action which he classified as value-oriented, goal-oriented actions

  15. BELIEF SYSTEM AFFECTING PEOPLE’S ACTIONS VERSTEHEN OBJECTIVE VS SUBJECTIVE

  16. RELIGION SHOULD DIRECT CAPITALISM

  17. SPIRIT OF CAPITALISM • PLEASURES VS. SUCCESS • actions were motivated by a highly moral and respected philosophy

  18. FERDINAND TOENNIES • All social relations are creations of human will

  19. 2 TYPES OF SOCIAL GROUPS WITHIN THE CONTEXTS OF HUMAN WILL • Essential Will - Gemeinschaft • sympathy • Friendship/ community group • Arbitrary Will - Gesellschaft • activity with regard to the future • city and state

  20. GEORGE SIMMEL • social network between individuals who are in constant interaction with one another.

  21. SUMMON: to order to appear

  22. VALUE OF SOMETHING = BOUGHT BY MONEY?

  23. ALFRED REGINALD RADCLIFFE-BROWN WE PERFORM RITUALS Meaning in rituals Social consequences on rituals

  24. TALCOTT PARSONS

More Related