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Human Anatomy & Physiology (HAP)

Human Anatomy & Physiology (HAP). Chapter 1 Introduction to HAP Text-Hole’s Essentials of HAP. http://sce.uhcl.edu/puzdrowski/vitruvian.jpg. Prefixes and Suffixes. Learn the prefixes & suffixes in every unit

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Human Anatomy & Physiology (HAP)

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  1. Human Anatomy & Physiology (HAP) Chapter 1 Introduction to HAP Text-Hole’s Essentials of HAP http://sce.uhcl.edu/puzdrowski/vitruvian.jpg

  2. Prefixes and Suffixes • Learn the prefixes & suffixes in every unit • Copy the prefixes and suffixes at the beginning of every unit onto “Fold” Sheet ….write the word on front left side and the definition on the back left side and fold to see definition. • Practice using the sheet to improve your memorization of the terms.

  3. Ch 1 Prefixes & Suffixes Append- Pariet- Cardi- Pelv- Cran- Peri- Dors- Pleur- Homeo- -stasis -logy -tomy Meta-

  4. Anatomy • Structure (morphology), form and organization of body parts • Physiology • Functions of body parts Difficult to separate the two Sciences

  5. Levels of Organization(least to most complex) • Atoms • Molecules • Organelles • Cells • Tissues • Organs • Organ Systems • Organism (Human) Descriptions – atomic, molecular & cellular levels

  6. Ten Characteristics of Life • Movement – Change position; motion • Responsiveness - Reaction to a stimulus • Growth- increase size w/o change in shape • Reproduction • Respiration - release energy from food • Digestion • Absorption- move substances thru membrane • Circulation-move substances thru fluids • Assimilation- change substances • Excretion- remove metabolic wastes

  7. Environmental FactorsVital to Life • Water • Medium for metabolic processes • Transports substances within organism • Regulation of body temperature http://www.revivenaturally.com/images/fig01_pctwtrbody_s.gif

  8. Food • Provides water and nutrients (chemicals) • Chemicals for Energy used in metabolic processes • Raw material for building new matter • Chemicals to Regulate Reactions http://lh4.ggpht.com/_HEQG9GgW6nM/R3RD3D_fbLI/AAAAAAAAAjk/hYhi-5s4RSs/324718010_32a837fcb6.jpg

  9. http://www.brooklyn.cuny.edu/bc/ahp/SDPS/Atom.Oxygen.GIF • Oxygen • Necessary in order to Release Energy from Food

  10. Heat • Energy • Produced in Metabolic Rxns • Affect Metabolic Rxn rates Increase Heat  Increase Rate http://ppo.tamuk.edu/ehs/Heat_Stress/PE00998_.gif

  11. Pressure- applied force • Atmospheric Pressure • Weight of Atmosphere (14.7lbs/in2) • Hydrostatic Pressure • Weight of Fluid on organism *Blood Pressure http://assets.aarp.org/external_sites/adam/graphics/images/en/9124.jpg

  12. Maintaining a Stable Internal Environment • Homeostasis • Maintained by a self-regulating system (3 components) *Set-point – ex. 37C (98.6F) body temp. *Receptors – get info *Effectors – cause response Negative Feedback Response

  13. Organization of the Human Body • Two Portions or Divisions: • Axial portion • Head • Neck • Trunk of Body • Appendicular portion • Upper & Lower Limbs http://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/notes/images/skmus/appendicular_skeleton1.jpg

  14. Axialanatomy: • Cranial Cavity • Vertebral Canal • Thoracic Cavity • Abdominopelvic Cavity http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Axial_skeleton_diagram.svg/240px-Axial_skeleton_diagram.svg.png

  15. Cranial Cavity • Four Smaller Cavities within the Head: • Oral Cavity • Nasal Cavity • Orbital Cavity • Middle Ear Cavity

  16. Orbital Cavity http://www.wetcanvas.com/ArtSchool/Drawing/Anatomy/Lesson1/page8a.jpg Middle Ear Cavity http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.boystownhospital.org/Images/Cochlear/Information/outer.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.boystownhospital.org/Cochlear/Information/normal.asp&usg= __Q5Ij1KFzAIbY0Kch1V4dh0DSWZ8=&h=303&w=382&sz=107&hl=en&start=10&um=1&tbnid=PKjdwZqi94CNSM:&tbnh=98&tbnw=123&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dmiddle%2Bear%2Bcavity%26um% 3D1%26hl%3Den%26rlz%3D1T4DMUS_en___US250%26sa%3DN

  17. Thoracic & AbdominopelvicCavities • Organs are called VISCERA • Cavities separated by DIAPHRAGM http://graphics8.nytimes.com/images/2007/08/01/health/adam/7073.jpg

  18. Thoracic Cavity Three Regions: • Left Lung • Right Lung • Mediastinum Heart- moves blood Esophagus- moves food Trachea- moves air Thymus- gland (hormone)

  19. Abdominopelvic Cavity Two Regions • Abdominal Cavity • Pelvic Cavity • Within hips http://www.octc.kctcs.edu/GCaplan/anat/Notes/Image561.gif

  20. Abdominal Cavity • Viscera: Stomach Liver Spleen Gallbladder Kidneys Small Intestine Large Intestine http://www.walgreens.com/library/graphics/images/en/19260.jpg

  21. Pelvic Cavity • Enclosed by Hip bones *Urinary Bladder *Terminal portion Large Intestines *Internal Reproductive Organs Large Intestines Uterus Bladder http://www.netterimages.com/images/vtn/000/000/007/7237-150x150.jpg

  22. Warm-upWrite the following (21)terms and the definition on a sheet of paper in your notebook: • Abdominal Carpal Cubital • Acromial Celiac Digital • Antebrachial Cephalic Dorsal • Antecubital Cervical Femoral • Axillary Costal Frontal • Brachial Coxal Genital • Buccal Crural Gluteal .

  23. Thoracic & Abdominopelvic Membranes • Two types: • Parietal • Membranes attached to the wall of a cavity • Visceral • Membranes covering an internal organ within a cavity

  24. Types of Parietal and Visceral Membranes: Thoracic Cavity: • Mediastinum: • Parietal Pericardium-lines pericardial (Heart) cavity • Visceral Pericardium- covers Heart • Rt & Lft Thoracic Compartments: • Parietal Pleura- line compartments • Visceral Pleura- covers lungs

  25. Abdominopelvic Cavity • Peritoneal Membranes : • Parietal Peritoneum- lines cavity • Visceral Peritoneum – covers abdominal organs Potential Space Between Parietal and Visceral Membranes= Cavity

  26. Organ Systems Interrelated Organs working together to enable their system to contribute to HOMEOSTASIS

  27. Integumentary System Skin, Nails, Hair, Sweat Glands, Sebaceous Glands (oil) • Protect underlying tissues • Aid in the regulation of body temperature • Contain sensory receptors • Synthesize other products (melanin)

  28. http://academic.kellogg.cc.mi.us/herbrandsonc/bio201_McKinley/f5-1_layers_of_the_inte_c.jpghttp://academic.kellogg.cc.mi.us/herbrandsonc/bio201_McKinley/f5-1_layers_of_the_inte_c.jpg http://www.dwm.ks.edu.tw/bio/activelearner/37/images/ch37c1.gif

  29. Skeletal System Bones, Ligaments & Cartilages • Framework • Protection of underlying soft tissues • Attachment for muscles • Movement • Produce Blood Cells • Store Inorganic Salts (calcium)

  30. http://www.exrx.net/Store/OtherImages/SkeletalSystem3.jpg

  31. Muscular System Organ = Muscles • Force for body movement • Maintain posture • Main source of Body Heat

  32. Nervous System Brain, spinal cord, nerves and sense organs • Control & adjust various organ functions • Nerve impulse= short term electrochemical impulse • Nerve functions: • Detect, Receive or Interpret Impulses

  33. http://content.answers.com/main/content/wp/en/thumb/e/ec/290px-Nervous_system_diagram.pnghttp://content.answers.com/main/content/wp/en/thumb/e/ec/290px-Nervous_system_diagram.png

  34. Endocrine System All of the Glands that secrete hormones(Chemical messengers) Hypothalamus (brain) Pituitary, Thyroid, Parathyroid, Adrenal Glands Pancreas, Ovaries, Testes, Pineal Gland & Thymus Hormones leave the gland & affect specific TARGET CELLS. Hormone effects may last a long time

  35. http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/sciences/LifeScience/GeneralBiology/Physiology/EndocrineSystem/NervousEndocrine/endocrorgs.gifhttp://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/sciences/LifeScience/GeneralBiology/Physiology/EndocrineSystem/NervousEndocrine/endocrorgs.gif

  36. Cardiovascular System Heart, Arteries, Veins, Capillaries & Blood • Transport system for gases, nutrients, hormones & wastes http://www.niaaa.nih.gov/NR/rdonlyres/BF321698-FDCA-443F-9D66-6E00F445CDAF/0/270f1.gif

  37. Lymphatic System Lymph vessels, lymph fluid, lymph nodes, lymphocytes, thymus & spleen • Transport system for tissue fluid • Carries fatty substances into blood stream • Lymphocytes (cells) fight infections

  38. Digestive System Mouth, Tongue, Teeth, Salivary Glands, Pharynx, Esophagus, Stomach, Liver, Gallbladder, Pancreas, Small Intestine & Large Intestine • Receive, break down & absorb food • Eliminate wastes

  39. http://eatwellgetwell.files.wordpress.com/2006/05/digestion_good2.jpghttp://eatwellgetwell.files.wordpress.com/2006/05/digestion_good2.jpg

  40. Respiratory System Nasal Cavity, Pharynx, Larynx, Trachea, Bronchi & Lungs • Move air (in & out) • Exchange gas between blood & air (Oxygen into blood, CO2 into air) http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/Sciences/LifeScience/GeneralBiology/Physiology/RespiratorySystem/HumanRespiratory/humrespsys_1.gif

  41. Urinary System Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder & urethra • Remove waste from blood • Help maintain body water & salt concentrations (electrolytes) http://findmeacure.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/03/define-kidneys-and-urinary-system-1.jpg

  42. Reproductive System Male- Scrotum, testes, epididymides, vasa deferentia, seminal vesicles, prostate gland, bulbourethreal glands, penis & urethra • Produce & maintain sperm cells • Transfer sperm cells (spermatozoa)

  43. Male Reproductive System http://www.integris-health.com/NR/rdonlyres/95A31EBF-3D10-4084-B685-6960F3E34B92/886/maleReproductiveSystem.jpg

  44. Female Reproductive System Ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, clitoris & vulva • Produce & maintain eggs (oocytes) • Receive sperm cells • Transport eggs & sperm w/in system • Supports development of embryo & fetuses • Provides passageway for fetus to leave the prenatal environment

  45. Female Reproductive System http://www.faqs.org/health/images/uchr_02_img0146.jpg

  46. Warm-up Body Region (21)Terms (pg 15-17) Textbook Inguinal Palmar Popliteal Lumbar Patellar Sacral Mammary Pectoral Sternal Mental Pedal Tarsal Nasal Pelvic Umbilical Occipital Perineal Vertebral Otic Plantar

  47. Anatomical Terms(Based upon Anatomical Position) Anatomical Position *Standing Erect *Face Forward *Upper Limbs at side *Palms forward *Right & Left refer to the body being studied

  48. Body Planes Frontal (Coronal) Horizontal (Transverse) Median (Sagittal) http://www.shoppingtrolley.net/images/anatomy/anatomical-position.jpg

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