World War I

1. World War I • AP US • Hamer • (with help from Susan Pojer)

2. MAIN Causes of World War I

3. The development of armed forces and their use as a tool of diplomacy. Caused by the increase in imperialism and nationalism. By 1890, Germany had the strongest army in Europe and England had the strongest navy. Militarism

4. Militarism & Arms Race Total Defense Expenditures for the Great Powers [Ger., A-H, It., Fr., Br., Rus.] in millions of £s.

5. By 1907, there were two major defense systems in Europe: The Triple Entente (the Allied Powers) France, Britain, and Russia The Triple Alliance (the Central Powers) Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy (Italy left this group in 1915 and the Ottoman Turks joined in late 1914) Alliances

6. Tensions & Conflicts: 1873-1914 • Three Emperors’ League (1873) Ger, A-H, Rus. • Dual Alliance (1879) Ger. & A-H • Triple Alliance (1882) Ger, A-H, It. • Reinsurance Treaty (1887) restore relations between Ger. & Rus. • Franco-Russian Alliance (1894) • British-Japanese Alliance (1902) • The Entente Cordiale (1904) Br. & Fr.

7. Tensions & Conflicts: 1873-1914 • First Moroccan Crisis (1905) • Russo-Japanese War (1905) • The Anglo-Russian Convention (1907) Persia • Triple Entente (1907) Br, Fr, Rus • The Bosnian Crisis of 1908 • Second Moroccan Crisis (1911) • The First Balkan War (1912) • The Second Balkan War (1913)

8. Europe in 1914

9. The Balkans in 1914

10. Dominating another country or culture, usually for economic or military gain Through the colony building practices of imperialism, the world was more connected as England was no longer a single country but the British Empire Cause rivalries among countries Caused many countries to increase the size of their navy Imperialism

11. Colonial Rivalries:Africa in 1914

12. Colonial Rivalries: Asia in 1914

13. The British Empire in 1914

14. The Balkans in 1878

15. The Balkan Wars: 1912-1913

16. A devotion to the interests and culture of one’s nation This concept grew in the 1800’s Caused rivalries among countries Caused countries like Russia to feel a link to other countries with their Slavic culture like Serbia Nationalism

17. The“Spark”

18. Archduke Franz Ferdinand & His Family

19. The Assassination: Sarajevo June 1914

20. The Assassin: GavriloPrincip

21. Who’s To Blame?

22. Then: Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia Russia felt that is should support its Slavic brother (Serbia) Germany supported Austria-Hungary by declaring war on Russia and then France Germany invaded Belgium and Great Britain declared war on Germany The Dominoes Fall…

23. Soldiers mobilized quickly from all sides Germany used the Schlieffen plan to move through Belgium to attack France The plan was to finish France in 6 weeks and then focus on Russia This didn’t work and Germany ended up involved in a 2 front war War in Europe

24. The Western Front: Trenches Germany vs. England and France More horrible than previous wars by a lot The Eastern Front: More mobile Germany and Austria Hungary vs. Russia Russia has a revolution and drops out in 1917 Other Fronts: Italy vs. A-H; Middle East; Africa; Colonial Holdings in Asia (Japan was an Allied Power) Multi Front War

25. A Multi-Front War

26. AmericaJoinstheAllies

27. The Sinking of the Lusitania • Germany declared unrestricted submarine warfare in the Spring of 1917 • America was already upset by the deaths of Americans on Allied ships

28. Election of 1916 • Democrats – Wilson again “He kept us out of war” • Republicans – Charles Evan Hughes • Progressives – TR refused to run and split Republicans again

29. 1916 Election Results Democrat Woodrow Wilson 277 elec 49.2%pop Republican Charles E. Hughes 254 elec 46.1% pop

30. Germany wanted Mexico to join the war and fight America – promised Mexico supplies England intercepted the telegram and told America The Zimmerman Telegram

31. The Yanks Are Coming!

32. Americans in the Trenches

33. America Mobilizes for War

34. 1. Enlistment

35. The Most Famous Recruitment Poster

36. Enlist Now

37. For Big and Little Soldiers

38. The Singingest War Ever!

39. Results of Enlistment: 1917 – Selective Service Act • 24,000,000 men registered for the draft by the end of 1918. • 4,800,000 men served in WW1 (2,000,000 saw active combat). • 400,000 African-Americans served in segregated units. • 15,000 Native-Americans served as scouts, messengers, and snipers in non-segregated units. • 11,000 women enlisted in the navy and 269 in the marines – non-combat positions

40. Expansion of the Federal Government

41. Council of National Defense • War Industries Board – Bernard Baruch • Food Administration – Herbert Hoover • Railroad Administration – William McAdoo • National War Labor Board – W. H. Taft & Frank P. Walsh

42. U.S. Food Administration Check out the amazing WWI food propaganda posters on my front wall!

43. U.S. Food Administration

44. U.S. School Garden Army National War Garden Commission

45. U.S. Shipping Board

46. U. S. Fuel Administration

47. Results of This New Organization of the Economy? • Unemployment virtually disappeared. • Expansion of “big government.” • Excessive government regulations in economy • Some gross mismanagement -> overlapping jurisdictions. • Close cooperation between public and private sectors. • Unprecedented opportunities for disadvantaged groups.

48. Women during WWI

49. YWCA – The Blue Triangle The Girls They Left Behind Do Their Bit!

50. Munitions Work Although many more women went to work in munitions factories during WWII than WWI, they did make a significant contribution during the first World War.