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Chapter 8. Memory Basics. 8-1 Memory definitions. Memory is a collection of cells capable of storing binary information. Two types of memory: Random-Access Memory (RAM) Read-Only Memory (ROM). 8-2 Random-Access Memory.
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Chapter 8 Memory Basics
8-1 Memory definitions • Memory is a collection of cells capable of storing binary information. • Two types of memory: • Random-Access Memory (RAM) • Read-Only Memory (ROM)
8-2 Random-Access Memory • Memory cell can be accessed to transfer information to or from any desired location • Access will take the same time regardless of the location • compare to serial memory such as hard drive, tape etc.
Write and Read Operation • Write • Apply the address on address lines (bus) • Apply data on data lines (bus) • Activate the Write input • Read • Apply the address on address lines (bus) • Activate the Read input
Timing waveforms Operation of memory is controlled by an external device, such as CPU Memory doesn’t employ CPU clock Operations are timed by changes in values on control input Access time for read: max. time from application of address to appearance of data on Data Output Write cycle time: max. time form application of address to completion of all operation required to store a word
Timing waveforms 4 clocks is needed for both Write cycle and Access time
Properties of memory • Volatile: data disappeared after turning off the power • Static RAM (SRAM): faster, less capacity • Dynamic RAM (DRAM): slower, need refresh, more capacity • Non-volatile: date kept after turning off the power • Magnetic disk
8-3 SRAM Integrated Circuits Static RAM cell
8-4 Array of SRAM ICs • Symbol for 64K x 8 RAM
Block diagram of a 256K x 8 RAM • Extension from 64K x 8 RAM • Fig. 8-10