Liquid Meter Run & Water Cut Demo

2. Liquid Meter Run & Water Cut Demo Our goal today is to provide a detailed demonstration of a complete liquid meter run along with water cut measurement. Eleventh Annual Canadian School of Hydrocarbon Measurement

3. Overview • 2 Phase Separator Process • Liquid Meter Run Installations • Proportional Sampler and Installation • Fluid mixing for water cut sampling • Processing of Water Cut Samples and Verification of water cut meters • Gas Entrainment effects on liquid meters Eleventh Annual Canadian School of Hydrocarbon Measurement

4. Typical 2 Phase Separator Schematic Eleventh Annual Canadian School of Hydrocarbon Measurement

5. 2 Phase Separator Process • 2 Phase Separator (definition) A vessel that separates the well fluids into gas and total liquid. A 2 Phase separator can be horizontal, vertical or spherical. Liquid (oil, emulsion and water) leaves the vessel at the bottom through a level control and dump valve. The gas leaves the vessel at the top, passing through a mist extractor to remove any small liquid droplets. • Liquid level indication – gives confidence that the 2 Phase separator is functioning correctly • Liquid level control - proper snap-acting control ensures a consistent flow rate through the liquid meter run. • Separator differential pressure control - also ensures a consistent flow rate through the liquid meter run. Eleventh Annual Canadian School of Hydrocarbon Measurement

6. Liquid Meter Run Installation • Meter orientation - ensure that the liquid meter is installed below the liquid level in the separator and up stream of the dump valve to prevent gas breakout in the meter • Turbine installation - a minimum requirement of 10 straight pipe diameters up stream and 5 straight pipe diameters downstream • Coriolis installation - horizontal or flag position with no up or down straight pipe requirements; no mixing needed for water cut determination. • Water Cut Analyzer installation - must be positioned in the center of the pipe in a homogeneous mixture. Eleventh Annual Canadian School of Hydrocarbon Measurement

7. Proportional Sampler and Install • Sampler installation - to be positioned as close to the sample probe as possible • Sample probe installation - to be positioned in the center of the pipe in a homogeneous mixture. • Sampler control setup - sampler must be operational when fluid is flowing, must sample over a 24 hour test period without overfilling must also sample randomly throughout the dump cycles. • Sample size - to be set to no less than 800ml in a 24 hour test period. Eleventh Annual Canadian School of Hydrocarbon Measurement

8. Fluid Mixing for Water Cut Sampling • Static mixer - as the streams move through the mixer, its non-moving elements continuously blend the fluids to a homogeneous mixture. • Turbine meter mixing - also blends fluids; however, does not always ensure a homogeneous mixture. • Piping and elbow mixing - provides some mixing depending on velocity. • Wellhead or pipeline sampling - not recommended; only indicates presence of oil or water. Eleventh Annual Canadian School of Hydrocarbon Measurement

9. Processing Water Cut Sample & Verification of Analyzers • Processing of sample - equally as important as the sampler set up; follow lab procedure as per Directive 17 • Importance of proper training and lab equipment • Verification of your water cut analyzer - when should you check and how often? • Hands on water cut sample verification Eleventh Annual Canadian School of Hydrocarbon Measurement

10. Gas Entrainment/Multiphase Liquid Measurement • GVF – Gas Volume Fraction • This is the ratio of the gas volumetric flow rate to the total liquid volumetric flow rate • Gas Entrainment effects on liquid meters for volume • Gas Entrainment effects on liquid meters for water-cut • Discussions Eleventh Annual Canadian School of Hydrocarbon Measurement

11. Summary • In summary, we hope this provided you with insight into what is going on inside the pipe in your own process and the many criteria involved in accurate volume and water cut measurement. • Questions??? • Discussions? • Feel free to come and view the skid. Eleventh Annual Canadian School of Hydrocarbon Measurement