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Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless Sensor Networks. Jack Stankovic. University of Virginia. August, 2006. Ad Hoc Wireless Sensor Networks. Sensors Actuators CPUs/Memory Radio Minimal capacity 1000s. Self-organize. Mica2 and Mica2Dot. ATMega 128L 8-bit, 8MHz, 4KB EEPROM, 4KB RAM, 128KB flash

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Wireless Sensor Networks

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  1. Wireless Sensor Networks Jack Stankovic University of Virginia August, 2006

  2. Ad Hoc Wireless Sensor Networks Sensors Actuators CPUs/Memory Radio Minimal capacity 1000s Self-organize

  3. Mica2 and Mica2Dot • ATMega 128L 8-bit, 8MHz, 4KB EEPROM, 4KB RAM, 128KB flash • Chipcon CC100 multichannel radio (Manchester encoding, FSK). Up to 500-1000ft. Reality 50-100 feet when on the ground!

  4. Sensor Board

  5. Sensor Board

  6. The Internet Gets Physical “Sensing technologies will be one of the hallmarks of this century” 1980 => decade of microcomputers 1990 => decade of the Internet 2000 => decade of WSN Exciting Potential

  7. Application Spectrum

  8. VigilNet – Military surveillance, tracking and classification AlarmNet – Assisted Living and Residential Monitoring Network Environmental Science Applications/Testbeds

  9. Energy Efficient Surveillance System 1. An unmanned plane (UAV) deploys motes Zzz... Sentry 3. Sensor network detectsvehicles and wakes up the sensor nodes 2. Motes establish an sensor network with power management

  10. VigilNet Architecture

  11. Demo System Layout 300 meters, 30 motes each line, 4 non-uniform lines 2 0 Tent 2 0 0 M 200 XSM Motes 3 Bases (Tripwires) 300 by 200 Meters in T-shape Inter-tripwire communication Via 802.11 wireless LAN 1

  12. Results of Actual Test

  13. Tracking multiple targets (people, vehicles, and then people and vehicles) 3 crossing people Vehicle followed by person 2 vehicles following each other about 50 meters apart Large versus small vehicles People and people with weapons Fault Tolerance/Robustness Kill 20% of the nodes Kill base stations Overview of Demo Scenarios

  14. Florida For related other publications: www.cs.umn.edu/~tianhe

  15. N Mote Field C&C 300M by 200 M T shape Berkeley

  16. Spotlight - Localization μSpotlight (projector, Mica2 motes, laptop) – DEMO at ACM/IEEE IPSN 05 Spotlight (telescope mount, diode laser, XSM motes, laptop) (Sent to Berkeley) Demo at upcoming SenSys 2005

  17. Two classes of nodes: sentries and non-sentries Sentries are awake Non-sentries can sleep Sentries Provide coarse monitoring & backbone communication network Sentries “wake up” non-sentries for finer sensing Sentry rotation Even energy distribution Prolong system life 3 4 2 1 Sentry-Based Power Management(SBPM)

  18. Partition sensor network into multiple sections. Turn off all the nodes in dormant sections. Apply sentry-based power management in tripwire sections Periodically, sections rotate to balance energy. Dormant Active Dormant Dormant Dormant Active Dormant Dormant Active Active Tripwire-based Surveillance Road

  19. Lifetime Analysis

  20. Internet Scale WSN Programming Station Internet Server Server Local Transport Protocol Local Transport Protocol Nodes Nodes

  21. System Architecture Programming Station Internet Server Server Local Transport Protocol Local Transport Protocol Nodes Nodes Information about Services, Interfaces Location

  22. System Architecture High level Programming Language Programming Station EXE Internet High Level Virtual Machine High Level Virtual Machine Server Server Local Transport Protocol Local Transport Protocol Nodes Nodes Low Level Virtual Machine Low Level Virtual Machine

  23. System Architecture Programming Station Internet Server Server Local Transport Protocol Local Transport Protocol Responsible for Resource management User access rights Nodes Nodes

  24. System Architecture Programming Station The Physicalnet Omnix Physical Network Internet Server Server Local Transport Protocol Local Transport Protocol Nodes Nodes Omnix Physical Network

  25. Medical System Architecture PDAs Internet Internet Nurses Stations

  26. Smart Living Health Spaces

  27. Flexible and Dynamic Privacy Security Form factors for sensor nodes Unobtrusiveness Mobility Routing for 2 mobile end points Localization In-network preliminary diagnoses Define and meet real-time requirements including alarms Power Management Data Association Research Questions

  28. Fundamental and Important Problems Not incremental Application Driven Military Medical Environmental Experimental Systems Research Build Testbeds and Real Systems Summary - Research Approach

  29. Wireless Networking Realities Localization Real-Time Hardware Privacy Security The crowded spectrum - Multi-frequency systems OS for WSN Summary - Our Research Areas Spatial Temporal Systems

  30. Power Management Analysis Programming Languages Across networks of networks Acoustic Streaming and other High Level Services Real-Time Data Sharing Self-Healing Data Association Auto-calibration Pervasive Computing Our Research Areas

  31. CMU UIUC Harvard Univ. of Minnesota Berkeley UVA Medical School Research Partners

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