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Sunlight energy

Sunlight energy. Energy Flow and Matter Cycling (Carbon). ECOSYSTEM. Photosynthesis in chloroplasts. Glucose. CO 2. +. +. O 2. H 2 O. Cellular respiration in mitochondria. ATP. (for cellular work). Heat energy. Cellular Respiration.

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Sunlight energy

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  1. Sunlight energy Energy Flow and Matter Cycling (Carbon) ECOSYSTEM Photosynthesis in chloroplasts Glucose CO2 + + O2 H2O Cellular respiration in mitochondria ATP (for cellular work) Heat energy

  2. Cellular Respiration • The process by which an organism can extract energy from organic molecules (ex: glucose) and use that energy to make ATP

  3. Cellular Respiration has 3 parts • Glycolysis • Krebs cycle • Oxidative phosphorylation (AKA the electric transport chain)

  4. Quick overview of the Cell

  5. More detail of a plant cell

  6. Structure of the Mitochondria

  7. Glycolysis • Occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell • ATP is required to start the process • Starts with glucose (6 carbons) • produces 2 pyruvate, AKA pyruvic acid(3 carbons each) • What do you gain (energy) at the end? • ATP (2) • NADH • This is an electron carrier that will be used later

  8. Glucose 2 ADP 2 NAD+ Fig. 6-7a + 2 P 2 NADH ATP 2 + H+ 2 2 Pyruvate

  9. ENERGY INVESTMENT PHASE Glucose ATP Steps – A fuel molecule is energized, using ATP. Step 1 3 1 ADP Glucose-6-phosphate P 2 P Fructose-6-phosphate ATP 3 ADP P P Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate Fig. 6-7c Step A six-carbon intermediate splits Into two three-carbon intermediates. 4 4 Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P) P P NAD+ NAD+ Step A redox reaction generates NADH. 5 5 ENERGY PAYOFF PHASE 5 P P NADH NADH + H+ + H+ P P P P 1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate ADP ADP 6 6 ATP ATP P P 3-Phosphoglycerate 7 7 Steps – ATP and pyruvate are produced. P P 6 9 2-Phosphoglycerate 8 8 H2O H2O P P Phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) ADP ADP 9 9 ATP ATP Pyruvate

  10. Modeling Glycolysis • Beans = electrons • Blue balls = carbon atoms • Yellow balls = phosphate • Red ovals = ADP • Green rectangles = NAD+

  11. Fig. 6-7b ATP made in Glycolysis is by the process of substrate level phosphorylation Enzyme Enzyme P ADP + ATP P P Substrate Product

  12. What’s next? • Pyruvate (pyruvic acid) goes into the mitochondrial matrix • Here it gets converted into acetyl-CoA • This will enter the Krebs (citric acid) cycle • Krebs cycle • Our sugar continues to be broken down releasing Carbon dioxide • ATP (1 per pyruvate) is made • NADH and FADH2 are made • These carry electrons to the electron transport chain

  13. Modeling the Krebs cycle • Beans = electrons • Blue balls = carbon atoms 7 • Yellow balls = phosphate 1 • Red ovals = ADP 1 • Green rectangles = NAD+ 4 • Green hearts = FAD 1 • Red square = Coenzyme A (CoA) 1

  14. Oxidative phosphorylationelectron transport chain The electron carriers (NADH and FADH2) take the electrons to the electron transport chain located on the inner membrane Energy from the electrons moving through the chain provide the power to make ATP About 34 ATP are made

  15. NADH and FADH2 give electrons at the beginning of the chain • Oxygen takes electrons away at the end • Forming water

  16. Modeling oxidative phosphorylation(the electron transport chain) • H+ = small green balls • Oxygen = medium blue balls • Electrons = beans • proteins of the electron transport chain = large red • ATP synthase = Large blue • ADP = red oval • Phosphate = yellow ball • NADH = green rectangle with electrons • FADH 2 = green heart with electrons

  17. Aerobic Respiration This process occurs in the mitochondria

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