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Grains ain’t Grains

Value of knowing the quality of grains: Targets for the Pork CRC John Black Pork CRC subprogram 1b coordinator. Grains ain’t Grains. Grains ain’t Grains & It pays to know the difference. Premium Grains for Livestock Program.

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Grains ain’t Grains

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  1. Value of knowing the quality of grains:Targets for the Pork CRCJohn BlackPork CRC subprogram 1b coordinator

  2. Grainsain’tGrains

  3. Grains ain’t Grains&It pays to knowthe difference

  4. Premium Grains for Livestock Program • Large project funded by GRDC & animal R&D Organisations (including APL) and Ridley Agriproducts • Aim: to develop a rational basis for trading grains for livestock based on an understanding of why grains have different quality for different animal types and rapid measurement of that quality • Over 3300 cereal grains collected with ~ 200 fed to animals (pigs, broilers, layers, sheep & cattle)

  5. Energy value of grains for animals Cereal grains are fed to livestock as a source of energy • Available (digestible energy) content (MJ/kg) • Intake(kg/d) influenced by rate of passage • Available energy intake (MJ/d) – total energy available for production Available energy expressed as: DE for pigs, but proportion digested in small intestines is important for determining total energy available

  6. Grains ain’t Grains - 1 Grains vary widely in DE Range in DE (MJ/kg DM) for pigs Wheat Barley Triticale Sorghum 12.4-15.0 10.6-14.7 12.3-16.5 15.5-16.6 Variation in DE 3-4 MJ/kg; less for sorghum Sorghum has highest DE

  7. Grains ain’t Grains - 1 Grains vary widely in DE NIR predicted DE for pigs – Barley ABB Range 11.8-13.5 2005-06 2004-05 1 MJ/kg worth $14-18/t

  8. Grains ain’t Grains - 2 Grains vary widely in intake Wheat cultivar DE (MJ/kg) Intake (g/d) Currawong 14.96 a 389 a Dollarbird 14.51 b 537 b Rosella 14.49 b 551 b Thriller 14.39 b 691 c Lawson 14.87 ab 691 c Cadogan et al 1999

  9. Grains ain’t Grains - 3 No correlation between DE and intake Different grain characteristics determine digestibility & intake

  10. Grains ain’t Grains - 3 No correlation between DE and intake

  11. Grains ain’t Grains - 4 Individual grains best suited to different animal types

  12. Barley and Wheat micrographs Barley (20X) Wheat (20X)

  13. Grains ain’t Grains - 4 Individual grains best suited to different animal types WheatSorghum Pigs Broilers Pigs Broilers Ileal DE 12.9 13.1 13.0 16.1 Faecal DE/AME 15.8 13.2 16.4 15.9 Ileal/faecal 0.84 0.99 0.85 1.01 • Pigs digest more energy from wheat in the hind-gut • Broilers digest more energy from sorghum in small intestine (SI) • Opportunity to increase digestion of sorghum in SI of pigs

  14. Protein Matrix Sorghum

  15. Grains ain’t Grains - 5 Grains differ in effects of processing Need to understand reasons for differences

  16. Can the energy value of grains be measured rapidly? Yes!! Using NIR calibrations

  17. Predicting the energy value of grains PGLP - NIR calibrations for DE

  18. Research strategies for Pork CRC sub program 1b 1. Refine NIR calibrations for predicting the quality of grains for pigs (available energy content (MJ/kg) faecal & ileal, DE intake, growth and FCR) • Cereal grains (wheat, barley, triticale & sorghum) Use ileal, faecal digestion trials & separate intake and growth trials with young pigs Grains selected from sub-program 1a & other sources; special attention to sorghum cultivars & performance compared with wheat

  19. Research strategies for Pork CRC sub program 1b 2. Develop processing methods for improving the utilisation of feed ingredients by pigs • Examine PGLP grains showing wide variation using a range of diagnostic tools (Microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, solid state NMR, X-ray diffraction, particle sizing, RVA, DCS, invitro amylase etc.) • Use a laboratory model of pig digestion for screening grains and processing techniques • Special attention to sorghum breaking γ-kafirin bonds (chemical, physical, enzymic, genetic enzyme production) • Small scale processing & screening • Pig digestion trials • Commercial processing trials & commercialisation

  20. Micrwaved sorghum

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