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Joint Intersectoral Task Force on Environmental Indicators Fifth session Geneva , 4 – 6 July 2012. Emissions of Pollutants into the Atmospheric Air Introductory Overview Vladislav Bizek Consultant to the Secretariat. Structure of Presentation. Air pollutants Origin of air pollution
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Joint Intersectoral Task Force on Environmental IndicatorsFifth sessionGeneva, 4 – 6 July 2012 Emissions of Pollutants into the Atmospheric Air Introductory Overview Vladislav Bizek Consultant to the Secretariat
Structure of Presentation • Air pollutants • Origin of air pollution • Presentation of emissions • Emission inventory • International legislation • Reporting format
Air pollutants Main pollutants • Sulphur dioxide • Nitrogen oxides • NMVOC • PM (TSP, PM10, PM2.5) • Ammonia • Carbon monoxide • (hydrocarbons) Other pollutants • PAH • PCB • PCDD/F • HMs (lead, cadmium, mercury) • Others (arsenic, nickel, …..)
Origin of pollution Type of source • Stationary (registered sources) • Mobile (exhaust and non-exhaustemissions) • Fugitive (non-registered / not defined source) Type of process • Combustion (energy sector, housing, transport – heating, exhaust emissions) • Technology (industrial and agricultural processes – both registered and diffused sources) • Physical process (diffused sources, non-exhaust emissions)
Presentation of emissions - 1 Absolute values of emissions • Total national emissions • Emissions at lower territorial levels (region, municipality) • Emissions per economic sector Related values of emissions • Emissions per capita • Emissions per unit of land • Emissions per unit of GDP
Presentation of emissions – 2Absolute values: SO2 in the Czech Republic 1990 – 2010 (kt/year)
Presentation of emissions – 3Related values: NOX in the Czech Republic in 2009 (t/km2)
Emission inventory Aggregation of particular emission data • Measurement (large stationary sources): continuous or periodic measurements • Calculation (smaller registered stationary sources, mobile sources): Activity data x emission factor • Qualified estimate (emissions from non-registered sources,fugitive emissions) International methodology EMEP/EEA Air Pollutant Emission Inventory Guidebook – 2009 Website: http://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/emep-eea-emission-inventory-guidebook-2009
International legislation UNECE CLRTAP • EMEP • Protocol on HMs • Protocol on POPs • Gothenburg Protocol Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants • Emissions of POPs UN Framework Convention on Climate Change • Emissions of indirect greenhouse gases (CO, NOX, SO2 and NMVOC)
Reporting format Nomenclature for Reporting (NFR): Developed under UNECE CLRTAP Main categories of sources of pollution • Sector 1: Energy • Sector 2: Industrial processes • Sector 3: Solvent and other product use • Sector 4: Agriculture • Sector 5: Land use and land use change • Sector 6: Waste • Sector 7: Other and natural emissions Methodology: Guidelines for Reporting Emission Data under the UNECE CLRTAP (2009) Website: http://www.ceip.at/fileadmin/inhalte/emep/reporting_2009/Rep_Guidelines_ECE_EB_AIR_97_e.pdf Other formats: SNAP (Selected Nomenclature for reporting of Air Pollutants), CFR (Common Reporting Format developed under he UN FCCC)