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Gases. . . .

Gases. (can't live without 'em). Ken Rogers Miami Killian High. Gases exhibit certain properties that can be expressed mathematically. Look at the following experiment involving a gas and see if you can figure out the behavior of the gas. brick. Experiment #1. Gas. 1. 2. Pressure meter.

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Gases. . . .

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  1. Gases. . . . (can't live without 'em) Ken Rogers Miami Killian High

  2. Gases exhibit certain properties that can be expressed mathematically. Look at the following experiment involving a gas and see if you can figure out the behavior of the gas.

  3. brick Experiment #1 Gas 1 2 Pressure meter 3 gauge 4 6 5

  4. Experiment #1 1 2 3 4 6 5

  5. Two (measurable) quantities are changing simultaneously. What are they? Volume of the gas 6 liters 1 2 3 2 liters 4 6 5

  6. Two (measurable) quantities are changing simultaneously. What are they? Volume of the gas Pressure of the gas 1 2 3 4 6 5 Pressure Volume and?

  7. Look at how the quantitiesofvolumeandpressurechange. 6 liters 1 2 3 2 liters 4 6 5 Pressure 6 liters a 2 liters 1 atm a 3 atm Volume and?

  8. Look at how the quantitiesofvolumeandpressurechange. Experiment #2 6 liters 3 liters 1 2 3 4 6 5 Pressure 6 liters a 3 liters 1 atm a 2 atm Volume and?

  9. Look at how the quantitiesofvolumeandpressurechange. Experiment #3 6 liters 1 2 3 2 liters 4 6 5 2 liters a 6 liters 3 atm a 1 atm

  10. Pressure 1 atm 2 atm 3 atm 6 atm Volume 6 liters 3 liters 2 liters 1 liter When the quantities are measured and recorded the results are: ? 12 liters Can you figure out what the pressure is when the volume is changed to 12 liters?

  11. Pressure 1 atm 2 atm 3 atm 6 atm 0.5 atm x x x x x x Volume 6 liters 3 liters 2 liters 1 liter 12 liters = = = = = = 6 6 6 6 6 6

  12. This relationship and graph show an inverse relationship between pressure and volume. Pressure 1 atm 2 atm 3 atm 6 atm 0.5 atm Volume 6 liters 3 liters 2 liters 1 liter 12 liters 6.0 1 liter, 6 atm 5.0 Pressure 4.0 2 liters, 3 atm 3.0 3 liters, 2 atm 2.0 6 liters, 1 atm 1.0 12 liters, 0.5 atm 2 4 6 8 10 12 Volume (liters)

  13. 0.5 12 Pressure 0.5 atm 1 atm 2 atm 3 atm 6 atm x x x x x x Volume 12 liters 6 liters 3 liters 2 liter 1 liter = = = = = = 6 6 6 6 6 6 Inverse proportion 1 6 As pressure increases.. the volume decreases. The mathematical relationship between the volume of a gas and its pressure is: P x V = constant

  14. 24 liters 1 2 3 6 liters 7 4 6 5 24 liters @ 1 atm = 4 atm 1 atm x 24 liters = P x 6 liters

  15. Ending pressure and volume Starting pressure and volume Boyle’s Law P1 x V1 = P2 x V2 1 atm x 24 liters = P2 x 6 liters

  16. What causes gas pressure? The collision of gas molecules against the inside walls of the container

  17. And when the volume is decreased… Pressure of the gas increases 1 2 3 4 6 5 the molecules collide more often against the walls of the container.

  18. So, pressure is caused by molecular collisions.

  19. Now here’s another factor that will affect volume…..

  20. An increase in temperature will increase the frequency of collisions. The gas molecules collide more often and harder.

  21. An increase in temperature will increase the frequency of collisions. The gas molecules collide more often and harder.

  22. 2.0 100 12.0 600 Experimenting with temperatures and volumes leads to results like: TemperatureVolume 100 K 2.0 L 200 K 4.0 L 300 K 6.0 L 400 K 8.0 L 600 K 12.0 L As temperature increases.. the volume increases.

  23. 12 liters, 600 K This relationship and graph show a direct proportion between temperature and volume. 8 liters, 400 K 6 liters, 300 K 4 liters, 200 K 2 liters, 100 K 600 500 Temperature 400 300 200 100 2 4 6 8 10 12 Volume (liters)

  24. Starting volume and temperature Ending volume and temperature Charles’ Law

  25. If the container cannot expand…..

  26. 1 2 3 4 6 5 . . .the pressure increases instead of the volume when temperature increases. Boom!

  27. 2.0 100 12.0 600 Experimenting with pressures and temperatures leads to results like: TemperaturePressure 100 K 2.0 atm 200 K 4.0 atm 300 K 6.0 atm 400 K 8.0 atm 600 K 12.0 atm As temperature increases.. the pressure increases.

  28. 12 atm, 600 K This relationship and graph show a direct proportion between temperature and pressure. 8 atm, 400 K 6 atm, 300 K TemperaturePressure 100 K 2.0 atm 200 K 4.0 atm 300 K 6.0 atm 400 K 8.0 atm 600 K 12.0 atm 4 atm, 200 K 2 atm, 100 K 600 500 Temperature 400 300 200 100 2 4 6 8 10 12 Pressure (atmospheres)

  29. Starting pressure and temperature Ending pressure and temperature Gay-Lussac’s Law

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