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Gender Comparisons

Gender Comparisons. A. Meaning of Difference and the Meta-analysis technique. Meaning of Difference. Individual differences within a group (e.g., among females) is often more extensive than differences between groups (e.g., between men and women). Meta-Analysis Technique.

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Gender Comparisons

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  1. Gender Comparisons A. Meaning of Difference and the Meta-analysis technique

  2. Meaning of Difference • Individual differences within a group (e.g., among females) is often more extensive than differences between groups (e.g., between men and women).

  3. Meta-Analysis Technique • Often times research in a particular area will yield contradictory results. • In order to resolve conflicts in the literature, literature reviews are written summarizing and evaluating all published studies on the that topic. This is a qualitative review. • Or ameta-analysis can be conducted = a statistical technique that allows you to average the results of numerous studies. This is a quantitative index of the overall effect across studies.

  4. Steps in a Meta-Analysis • Compile all of the studies regarding your research question. • Compute a D statistic for each study. • This tells you how big the difference between males and females was relative to the variability of scores for each gender. • Also tells you in what direction the difference is. • Find the average D for all of the studies. D of .2 is small, of .5 is moderate, and of .80 is large.

  5. Ways in which the D statistic can be misleading • Studies may have operationalized the construct differently. • Some studies may have poor methodology (garbage in garbage out). • File-drawer statistics.

  6. Gender Comparisons B. Communication

  7. Standard English • Women, across race and social class use standard English more than males. • Trudgill hypothesizes that women use standard English as one of the few avenues available for them to obtain higher status. • Thorne and Henley argue that females correct usage reflects less social freedom and independence.

  8. Speech Patterns • More hedges and fillers. • More intensifiers. • More disclaimers of expertise. • Longer requests. • More tag questions? --Robin Lakoff

  9. Other Differences • Women have an extra level of pitch. • Affiliative vs. intrusive interruptions. • Offering support vs. advice when another is discussing a problem.

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