Presentation Transcript

1. Gilded Age Progressive Age

   1868-1912 Chapters 23-29 Bridget, Chandler, and Shelby
2. Presidents of the era Ulysses S Grant 1869-1877 Ratified the 15th amendment Finished the first transcontinental railroad 1869 Money stolen by the tweed ring Railroad paid off congress in the credit mobilizer scandal Whisky ring fraud robbed the treasury of excess tax Grants entire cabinet was corrupt and bribed him with cigars and wine Rutherford b Hayes 1877-1881 Reconstruction ends in 1877 Bland-Allison act requiring the treasury to buy silver to circulate passed in 1878
3. James Garfield President from March 4 to September 19 1881 He was assassinated by Charles Guiteau and dies 2 weeks later Chester Arthur 1881-1885 Pendleton act 1883 made the compulsory campaign contributions from federal employs illegal Grover  Cleveland 1885-1889 Knights of labor worked to get the 8 hour work day, abolition of child labor, and equal pay for equal work 1886 Haymarket riot was a labor riot that turned violent killing 8 people its looked at as a set back for labor 1886 Interstate commerce act making railroads the first industry subject to federal regulation in 1887 Benjamin Harrison 1889-1893 Sherman anti trust act tied to restrict tusts1890 North Dakota South Dakota Montana Washington becomes states 1889 Idaho and Wyoming become states 1890 McKinley tariff increased the tariff on imported goods 1890 Sherman act which attempted to stop trusts passed in 1890
4. Grover Cleveland 1893-1997 Panic of 1893 due to the collapse of the railroad overbuilding Hawaiian incident 1893 was the annexation of Hawaii without the approval of queen Liluokalani Venezuela boundary affair 1895 the arbitration of Cleveland in a dispute over gold in Venezuela and Guiana to enforce the Monroe Doctrine Pullman strike which was the railroad workers boycott in 1894 American federation of labor was an alliance of work unions not involved in politics who did not allow blacks or women Wilson Forman tariff 1894 reduced the McKinley tariff slightly William McKinley 1897-1901 assassinated by czolgosz1901 New imperialism is the time of colonial expansion in Europe and Japan coming from the idea of a White Man’s Burden Spanish American war April 1898 February 1899 Open Door Policy 1899 which allowed free trade between the US and China
5. Theodore Roosevelt 1901-1909 Building of the Panama Canal 1903-1914 Square Deal worked to conserve natural recourses, protect consumer and control corporations Corollary to the Monroe doctrine 1904 (Big Stick Policy) Gentlemen's Agreement with Japan 1904 Hepburn Act 1906 increased the governments control on railroads Pure Food and Drug Act Meat Inspection Act Muckrakers 1906 (yellow journalism) Trust Busting Coal Strikes Conservation Venezuela debt controversy 1902 mediation of a debt dispute Dominican Republic crisis 1902the US took over the Dominican finances William Henry Taft 1909-1913 Aldrich tariff 1909 reduced tariffs Pinchot Ballinger controversy 1909 a dispute over land reserves Dollar Diplomacyhelped the US further foreign policy by giving loans
6. Woodrow Wilson 1913-1921 Underwood Tariff 1913 lowered the tariff after the Civil War 16th 17th 18th 19th amendments Federal Reserve System 1913 gave the government some control of the nations finances Federal Trade Commission 1914 was created to enforce the antitrust laws Clayton Antitrust Act 1914 attacked trusts but protected labor unions Sent troops to Nicaragua, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Virgin Islands, and Mexico Fourteen Points 1917 declared why World War I was being fought Treaty of Versailles ended World War I New Freedom were what is now known as Wilsons progressive policies
7. Gilded Age Politics Parties were determined by religion and ethnic differences 78% of eligible voters were voting Both parties were pro business Both opposed to economic radicalism Both advocated for a sound currency Republicans dominated the senate Democrats dominated the house Republican party began to splinter into the stalwarts, halfbreeds,and mugwumps
8. The Populist Party This was the remnants of the Farmers Alliances Supported the free coinage of silver What they wanted immigration restrictions government ownership of the railroads, telegram, and telephone lines direct election of senators the 8 hour work day Faded by the 1890’s
9. Progressive Era Politics Theodore Roosevelt, William Howard, Woodrow Wilson Practiced the lassie-faire Applied science to the economy and social movements Political parties were corrupt, and inefficient Did pass the 16th 17th 18th and 19th amendments
10. Liberal vs. Conservative 1865-1900
11. Amendments of the era 16th- Graduated income tax 17th- Direct election of senators 18th-Prohibition of alcohol 19th –Women’s suffrage
12. Reforms of the era 1901-1916 Square Deal/ New Foundation Teddy Roosevelt, and Woodrow Wilson Goals Control corporations and trusts Clean up the Government Clean up the environment Citizen protection Actions Pure good and drug act Clayton Act-Clarified the Sherman Antitrust Act Northern Securities Act-The forced dissolve of a northern railroad monopoly Federal reserve act Federal Trade Commission Newlands Act- Gave money from the sale of western lands to irrigation projects Keating Owens Act
13. Important Government Movements Pendleton Act 1893 Government service based on merit rather than on patronage Roosevelt's Corollary 1904 Addendum to the Monroe Doctrine stating that the US would use force to protect the interests of Latin America Open Door Policy 1899 US became intrested in china Europeans already in china- creating spheres of influence All nations share equal trading rights in China US sought trade access
14. Wars Spanish-American War 1898 Causes Oppression of Cubans by Spain US business interests threatened in Cuba by the fighting between the Cubans and the Spanish Maine battleship sunk (due to a internal explosion unknown at the time) Yellow journalism Effects US acquires foreign territory US becomes a world power Us enforces the Monroe Doctrine
15. Treaties and Compromises Treaty of Paris 1898 US and Spain Ended the Spanish-American war Cuba freed from the Spanish US received Puerto Rico and Guam US pays $20 million for the Philippines Compromise of 1877 Who had won the 1876 election Three states sent sets of election returns Democrat Samuel Tilden needed only 1 vote to win. Commission gave all 20 disputed votes to Republican Hays Hays was given the presidency and troops were removed from the south Southerners were allowed back into the cabinet This ended reconstruction
16. Important Events 1890 Battle of wounded knee- end of the Indian war 1892 Populist Party forms 1898 Spanish American War 1896 Annexation of Hawaii 1908 NAACP formed for African American euality
17. Supreme Court Decisions Slaughterhouse Cases 1873 Military tribunals cannot be used to try civilians when the civilian court is still operating; defendants won US vs Cruikshank 1875 Due process and equal protection clauses of the 14th amendment apply only to the government; advocates of the limited government won Civil Rights Cases 1883 Federal civil rights acts were unconstitutional; racially discriminatory laws won Walbashvs Illinois 1886 State regulations of interstate commerce cannot place a direct burden on interstate commerce; federal government commerce clause won
18. Plessyvs Ferguson 1896 Racially segregated facilities are permissible under the 14th amendment if they are equal; separate but equal won Lochnervs US 1905 New York state law limiting hours bakers could work is invalid; cooperation's won Muller vs Oregon Oregon state law limiting the hours women can work is valid; women, progressive arguments won Standard oil vs Us 1910 Standard oil is guilty of monopolizing the petroleum industry in violation of the Sherman Antitrust Act; stronger antitrust acts won
19. Publications The Jungle Upton Sinclair 1906 The Significance of the Frontier in America Fredrick Jackson 1893 Century of Dishonor Helen Hunt Jackson 1881 (cruel treatment of Native Americans) The Gospel of Wealth Andrew Carnegie The Shame of the Cities Lincon Steffens 1904 (corruption in the cities)
20. Twenty Years at Hull House Jane Addams 1910 (settlement housing) Principles of Scientific Management Fredrick Taylor (assembly line) The Souls of Black Folk WEB Dubois 1903 (an end to segregation) How the other Half Lives Jacob Riis 1890 (the poor in ghettos) The Atlanta Compromise Booker T Washington 1895 (Blacks should learn a trade) Looking Backwards Edward Bellamy 1888 (were becoming classless and a caring society)
21. Antislavery Societies Antislavery Society 1833 Leader William Lloyd Garrison Goals: emancipate slaves without slave owner compensation Means: moral persuasion, paid agents to lecture on the end of slavery, and publications Women’s role: equal participation Summary: Garrison’s radicalism made him controversial and he challenged the churches to help antislavery movements, and involved more movements than just anti slavery
22. American/ Foreign Antislavery Society 1840 Leaders: Theodore Weld, Lewis and Arthur Tappan Goals: Gradual emancipation of all slaves and slave owner compensation Means: moral persuasion, paid agents, and a published newspaper Political action: Became close to the Liberal Party Women’s Role: Limited mostly behind the sense Summary: Moderate approach, attracted old Garrison members, tried to use Liberty and Free Soil Party's to gain members Disbanded in 1855 after losing strength in the late 1840’s
23. Black Leaders Booker T. Washington 1856-1915 Message: The book Atlanta Compromise, blacks should show equality with vocational skills Supporters: Southern, rural blacks, wealthy, and white industrialists Methods: accommodation with whites, created the Tuskegee institute, blacks and whites should remain separate socially, emphasized black economic development Significance: Got money for black schools, tried to overturn segregation battled Dubios
24. WEB Dubois 1868-1963 Message: equality for the talented tenth of the black community, equality including full suffrage Supporters: intellectuals, professionals, white progressives Methods: founded the Niagara movement in 1905, helped form the NAACP, wrote books to energize blacks Significance: Challenged Booker T Washington, agitated for equality, challenged conservative radical policies
25. Wealthy People Carnegie-Carnegie Steel Company Vertical integration-control over every aspect of the industry Rockefeller-Standard Oil Horizontal integration- creating trusts or buyouts of competing companies J.P. Morgan-Chase and Company Loaned $6 million to the US Treasury
26. Technology New communication- Phonograph, telephone, and radio Mass circulated newspapers and magazines Growth of commercialized entertainment, new sports like basketball, bicycling and football Transportation- Automobile, electric trains and trolleys
27. Era recap Closing of the Western Frontier in 1860 The tragedy of the Plains Indians The Gilded Age Industrialization The Huddled Masses moving from Eastern and Southern Europe Rise of the Big Business Rise of the City
28. Time for a Quiz http://www.timeanddate.com/timer/ You have 8 min for 10 questions then we will go over the answers Good luck!
29. Quiz Answers 6. C 7. C 8. A 9. D 10. B 1. C 2. D 3. A 4. B 5. B