1 / 31

Interactive Nitrogen Cycle

Printable Nitrogen Cycle. Interactive Nitrogen Cycle. Nitrogen Text. Back to Intro Page. 3H 2 + N 2 2NH 3. GLOBAL WARMING. ATMOSPHERE. N 2 O NO N 2. INDUSTRIAL FIXATION. LIGHTNING, RAINFALL. N2 FIXATION. PLANT AND ANIMAL RESIDUES. HABER BOSCH.

page
Download Presentation

Interactive Nitrogen Cycle

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Printable Nitrogen Cycle Interactive Nitrogen Cycle Nitrogen Text

  2. Back to Intro Page 3H2 + N2 2NH3 GLOBAL WARMING ATMOSPHERE N2O NO N2 INDUSTRIAL FIXATION LIGHTNING, RAINFALL N2 FIXATION PLANT AND ANIMAL RESIDUES HABER BOSCH (1200°C, 500 atm) SYMBIOTIC NON-SYMBIOTIC MESQUITE RHIZOBIUM ALFALFA SOYBEAN BLUE-GREEN ALGAE AZOTOBACTER CLOSTRIDIUM MATERIALS WITH N CONTENT > 1.5% (COW MANURE) MATERIALS WITH N CONTENT < 1.5% (WHEAT STRAW) FERTILIZATION PLANT LOSS AMINO ACIDS MICROBIAL DECOMPOSITION NH3 AMMONIA VOLATILIZATION IMMOBILIZATION AMINIZATION HETEROTROPHIC ORGANIC MATTER R-NH2 + ENERGY + CO2 BACTERIA (pH>6.0) FUNGI (pH<6.0) pH>7.0 R-NH2 + H2O AMMONIFICATION NH2OH IMMOBILIZATION R-OH + ENERGY + 2NH3 N2O2- Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Thiobacillus Denitrificans, and T. thioparus 2NH4+ + 2OH- MICROBIAL/PLANT SINK MINERALIZATION + NITRIFICATION FIXED ON EXCHANGE SITES +O2 NO2- Nitrosomonas DENITRIFICATION NO3- POOL NITRIFICATION 2NO2- + H2O + 4H+ OXIDATION STATES Nitrobacter + O2 DENITRIFICATION LEACHING LEACHING VOLATILIZATION NITRIFICATION ADDITIONS NH3 AMMONIA -3 NH4+ AMMONIUM -3 N2 DIATOMIC N 0 N2O NITROUS OXIDE 1 NO NITRIC OXIDE 2 NO2- NITRITE 3 NO3- NITRATE 5 Joanne LaRuffa Robert Mullen Wade Thomason Susan Mullins Shannon Taylor Heather Lees Department of Plant and Soil Sciences Oklahoma State University TEMP 50°F LEACHING LEACHING LOSSES OXIDATION REACTIONS LEACHING REDUCTION REACTIONS pH 7.0

  3. Interactive Nitrogen Cycle Joanne LaRuffa Robert Mullen Wade Thomason Susan Mullins Shannon Taylor Heather Lees Department of Plant and Soil Sciences Oklahoma State University Atmosphere Organic Matter Plant/Microbial Sink 2NH4+ + 2OH- NO3- Pool Industrial Processes Plant and Animal Residues Lightning, Rainfall N2 Fixation Fertilizer Volatilization Plant Loss R-NH2 + Energy + CO2 R-NH2 + H2O N2, N2O, NO R-OH + Energy + 2NH3 2NH4+ + 2OH- Soil exchange sites Back to Intro Page Leaching 2NO2- + H2O + 4H+

  4. Interactive Nitrogen Cycle Joanne LaRuffa Robert Mullen Wade Thomason Susan Mullins Shannon Taylor Heather Lees Department of Plant and Soil Sciences Oklahoma State University Atmosphere Symbiotic Rhizobium Alfalfa Mesquite Soybean Non-Symbiotic Azotobacter Cyanobacteria Clostridium Organic Matter Plant/Microbial Sink NO3- Pool Industrial Processes Plant and Animal Residues Lightning, Rainfall N2 Fixation Fertilizer Volatilization Plant Loss Via Decay N2, N2O, NO Back to Main Cycle Back to Intro Page Leaching

  5. Interactive Nitrogen Cycle Joanne LaRuffa Robert Mullen Wade Thomason Susan Mullins Shannon Taylor Heather Lees Department of Plant and Soil Sciences Oklahoma State University Atmosphere Organic Matter Plant/Microbial Sink NO3- Pool Industrial Processes Plant and Animal Residues Lightning, Rainfall N2 Fixation Haber-Bosch (1200C, 500 ATM) 3CH4 + 3O2 + 2N2 4NH3 + 3CO2 Fertilizer Volatilization Plant Loss N2, N2O, NO Back to Main Cycle Back to Intro Page Leaching

  6. Interactive Nitrogen Cycle Joanne LaRuffa Robert Mullen Wade Thomason Susan Mullins Shannon Taylor Heather Lees Department of Plant and Soil Sciences Oklahoma State University Atmosphere Fertilizer Small Percentage Organic Matter Plant/Microbial Sink NO3- Pool Soil Exchange Sites Industrial Processes Plant and Animal Residues Lightning, Rainfall N2 Fixation Volatilization Plant Loss N2, N2O, NO Back to Main Cycle Back to Intro Page Leaching

  7. Interactive Nitrogen Cycle Joanne LaRuffa Robert Mullen Wade Thomason Susan Mullins Shannon Taylor Heather Lees Department of Plant and Soil Sciences Oklahoma State University Atmosphere Organic Matter Plant/Microbial Sink NO3- Pool Industrial Processes Plant and Animal Residues Lightning, Rainfall N2 Fixation Oxidation of N N2 + 3O2 2NO3- Fertilizer Volatilization Plant Loss N2, N2O, NO Back to Main Cycle Back to Intro Page Leaching

  8. Interactive Nitrogen Cycle Joanne LaRuffa Robert Mullen Wade Thomason Susan Mullins Shannon Taylor Heather Lees Department of Plant and Soil Sciences Oklahoma State University Atmosphere %N > 1.5 (Animal Manure) %N < 1.5 (Wheat Straw) Organic Matter Plant/Microbial Sink NO3- Pool Industrial Processes Plant and Animal Residues Lightning, Rainfall N2 Fixation Microbial Decomposition Fertilizer Volatilization Immobilization Plant Loss N2, N2O, NO Back to Main Cycle Back to Intro Page Leaching

  9. Interactive Nitrogen Cycle Joanne LaRuffa Robert Mullen Wade Thomason Susan Mullins Shannon Taylor Heather Lees Department of Plant and Soil Sciences Oklahoma State University Atmosphere Organic Matter Plant/Microbial Sink NO3- Pool Industrial Processes Plant and Animal Residues Lightning, Rainfall N2 Fixation Fertilizer Volatilization Plant Loss Temperature above or below 50°F? N2, N2O, NO Back to Main Cycle Back to Intro Page Leaching

  10. Interactive Nitrogen Cycle Joanne LaRuffa Robert Mullen Wade Thomason Susan Mullins Shannon Taylor Heather Lees Department of Plant and Soil Sciences Oklahoma State University Atmosphere Plant/Microbial Sink Organic Matter NO3- Pool Industrial Processes Plant and Animal Residues Lightning, Rainfall N2 Fixation Fertilizer Volatilization Heterotrophic Aminization R-NH2 + Energy + CO2 Plant Loss Fungi pH < 6.0 Bacteria pH > 6.0 pH > 7.0 Ammonification R-NH2 + H2O Immobilization N2, N2O, NO R-OH + Energy + 2NH3 Immobilization + H2O 2NH4+ + 2OH- 2NH4+ + 2OH- Soil exchange sites + O2 Nitrosomonas + O2 Nitrobacter Back to Temperature Choice Back to Main Cycle 2NO2- + H2O + 4H+ Back to Intro Page Leaching

  11. Interactive Nitrogen Cycle Joanne LaRuffa Robert Mullen Wade Thomason Susan Mullins Shannon Taylor Heather Lees Department of Plant and Soil Sciences Oklahoma State University Atmosphere Organic Matter NH3 NH2OH Plant/Microbial Sink NO2- N2O2- NO3- Pool Industrial Processes Plant and Animal Residues Lightning, Rainfall N2 Fixation Fertilizer Volatilization Amino Acids Plant Loss N2, N2O, NO Immobilization Thiobacillus, T. Thioparus, Pseudomonas, Bacillus, and Dentrificans Mineralization & Nitrification Denitrification Back to Main Cycle Back to Intro Page Leaching

  12. Interactive Nitrogen Cycle Joanne LaRuffa Robert Mullen Wade Thomason Susan Mullins Shannon Taylor Heather Lees Department of Plant and Soil Sciences Oklahoma State University Atmosphere Organic Matter Plant/Microbial Sink NO3- Pool Industrial Processes Plant and Animal Residues Lightning, Rainfall N2 Fixation Fertilizer Volatilization Plant Loss N2, N2O, NO Back to Temperature Choice Back to Main Cycle Back to Intro Page Leaching

  13. Interactive Nitrogen Cycle Joanne LaRuffa Robert Mullen Wade Thomason Susan Mullins Shannon Taylor Heather Lees Department of Plant and Soil Sciences Oklahoma State University Atmosphere Organic Matter Immobilization Plant/Microbial Sink NO3- Pool 2NH4+ + 2OH- Industrial Processes Plant and Animal Residues Lightning, Rainfall N2 Fixation Fertilizer Volatilization Plant Loss N2, N2O, NO Back to Main Cycle Back to Intro Page Leaching

  14. Interactive Nitrogen Cycle Joanne LaRuffa Robert Mullen Wade Thomason Susan Mullins Shannon Taylor Heather Lees Department of Plant and Soil Sciences Oklahoma State University Atmosphere Organic Matter Plant/Microbial Sink NO3- Pool Industrial Processes Plant and Animal Residues Lightning, Rainfall N2 Fixation Fertilizer Volatilization Plant Loss N2, N2O, NO Thiobacillus, T. Thioparus, Pseudomonas, Bacillus, and Dentrificans Denitrification Back to Main Cycle Back to Intro Page Leaching

  15. Interactive Nitrogen Cycle Joanne LaRuffa Robert Mullen Wade Thomason Susan Mullins Shannon Taylor Heather Lees Department of Plant and Soil Sciences Oklahoma State University Atmosphere Organic Matter NH3 NH2OH Plant/Microbial Sink NO2- N2O2- NO3- Pool Industrial Processes Plant and Animal Residues Lightning, Rainfall N2 Fixation Fertilizer Volatilization Plant Loss N2, N2O, NO Back to Main Cycle Back to Intro Page Leaching

  16. Interactive Nitrogen Cycle Joanne LaRuffa Robert Mullen Wade Thomason Susan Mullins Shannon Taylor Heather Lees Department of Plant and Soil Sciences Oklahoma State University Atmosphere Organic Matter Plant/Microbial Sink NO3- Pool Industrial Processes Plant and Animal Residues Lightning, Rainfall N2 Fixation Fertilizer Volatilization Plant Loss N2, N2O, NO Back to Main Cycle Back to Intro Page Leaching

  17. Interactive Nitrogen Cycle Joanne LaRuffa Robert Mullen Wade Thomason Susan Mullins Shannon Taylor Heather Lees Department of Plant and Soil Sciences Oklahoma State University Atmosphere Organic Matter Plant/Microbial Sink NO3- Pool Industrial Processes Plant and Animal Residues Lightning, Rainfall N2 Fixation Fertilizer Volatilization Heterotrophic Aminization R-NH2 + Energy + CO2 Plant Loss pH > 7.0 Ammonification R-NH2 + H2O N2, N2O, NO R-OH + Energy + 2NH3 Back to Main Cycle Back to Intro Page Leaching

  18. Interactive Nitrogen Cycle Joanne LaRuffa Robert Mullen Wade Thomason Susan Mullins Shannon Taylor Heather Lees Department of Plant and Soil Sciences Oklahoma State University Atmosphere Organic Matter Plant/Microbial Sink NO3- Pool Industrial Processes Plant and Animal Residues Lightning, Rainfall N2 Fixation Haber-Bosch (1200C, 500 ATM) 3CH4 + 3O2 + 2N2 4NH3 + 3CO2 Fertilizer Volatilization Heterotrophic Aminization R-NH2 + Energy + CO2 Plant Loss N2, N2O, NO Back to Main Cycle Back to Intro Page Leaching

  19. Nitrogen Information Form taken up plant Enzymes that require N Concentration in plants Mobility Deficiency symptoms Effect of pH on availability Soil pH deficiency Nutrient interactions Fertilizer sources Role of N in plant growth References Role of N in microbial growth

  20. NH4+ • NO3- Back to N Text Main Page Back to Intro Page

  21. Soil • NH4+; NO • NO3- ; Yes • Water Soluble • Not influenced by soil colloids • Plant • Yes Back to N Text Main Page Back to Intro Page

  22. Chlorosis in older leaves • Under severe deficiency lower leaves are brown, beginning at the leaf tip and proceeding along the midrib Back to N Text Main Page Back to Intro Page

  23. None due to nitrate’s mobility Back to N Text Main Page Back to Intro Page

  24. N assimilation into amino acids for protein and amino acid synthesis • Component of chlorophyll • Vegetative growth Back to N Text Main Page Back to Intro Page

  25. Necessary for the synthesis for amino acids Back to N Text Main Page Back to Intro Page

  26. Nitrate reductase • Nitrite reductase • Nitrogenase Back to N Text Main Page Back to Intro Page

  27. Wheat 1.7 to 3.0% • Grain 2.0% • Forage 3.0% • Straw • Corn 2.7 to 3.5% • Soybeans 4.2 to 5.5% • Grain sorghum 3.3 to 4.0 % • Peanuts 3.5 to 4.5 % • Alfalfa 4.5 to 5.0% • Bermudagrass 2.5 to 3.0% Back to N Text Main Page Back to Intro Page

  28. Low pH • None • High pH • None at pH > 8 • At pH > 7 NO2- accumulates Back to N Text Main Page Back to Intro Page

  29. Si: enhances leaf erectness neutralizing the negative effects of high N supply on light interception • P: symbiotic legume fixation needs adequate P, or a N deficiency can result • Mo: component of nitrogenase, therefore could have Mo induced N deficiency in N2 fixing legumes • Fe: Necessary for nitrogenase and ferredoxin, legume hemoglobin, deficiency reduces nodule mass, and nitrogenase Back to N Text Main Page Back to Intro Page

  30. ammonium sulfate anhydrous ammonia ammonium chloride ammonium nitrate ammonium nitrate- ammonium nitrate sulfate with lime ammoniated ordinary- ammonium phosphate- superphosphate sulfate monoammonium phosphate diammonium phosphate ammonium polyphosphate ammonium thiophosphate calcium nitrate potassium nitrate sodium nitrate urea urea-sulfate urea-ammonium nitrate urea-ammonium phosphate urea phosphate Back to N Text Main Page Back to Intro Page

  31. Burford, J.R., and J.M. Bremner. 1975. Relationships between the denitrification capacities of soils and total, water-soluble and readily decomposable soil organic matter. Soil Biochem. 7:389-394. • Marschner, H. 1995. Mineral Nutrition in Higher Plants. Academic Press, London. • Tisdale, S.L., W.L. Nelson, J.D. Beaton, and J.L. Havlin. 1993. Soil Fertility and Fertilizers. MacMillan Publishing Co., New York, N.Y. Back to N Text Main Page Back to Intro Page

More Related